D402 Study Guide for OA from PAexam
with complete solutions
socio-ecological model of health - ANSexplores the relationship among health, the
individual, the group, and the community as they exist in their social, political, and
physical environments.
Income, employment, housing, and education help define a community, and these
factors can affect the health of individuals in the community.
Individual factors: - ANSThese are influences on an individual's behavior that can affect
behavior and choices, such as their knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and personality, which
may be negative or positive.
Interpersonal factors: - ANSThese are interactions with others that may provide support
or create barriers to interpersonal growth; interactions may promote healthy behavior or
act as a negative influence.
Institutional and organizational factors: - ANSThese are the rules, regulations, policies,
and formal structures that promote or constrain healthy behaviors. For example, all
employees of a company might be required to attend an Occupational Safety and
Health Administration (OSHA) training.
Community factors: - ANSThese are the formal or informal social norms that exist
among individuals, groups, or organizations, which may limit or enhance healthy
behaviors. For example, one norm is not littering in public areas.
Public policy factors: - ANSThese are the local, state, and federal policies that regulate
or support health and practices for disease prevention.
Focusing on these factors (social ecological model) - ANShelps public health workers
consider social determinants of health from an individual perspective, up to a larger
environmental perspective
PRECEDE-PROCEED model of health: - ANS-focuses on assessing the needs for
designing and implementing health promotion and public health
-Although this model is designed for public health, it is also useful for community
interventions.
, - change should focus on the outcome rather than the desired results established during
the assessment phase
PRECEDE: - ANS-Predisposing
-Reinforcing
-Enabling Constructs in Educational
-Diagnosis
-Evaluation.
PRECEDE steps: - ANS-Identifying the desired result
-Setting priorities
-Reviewing social determinants
-Identifying predisposing and reinforcing factors that may affect behavior and
environmental factors
-Identifying administration and policy factors that influence what may be implemented
PROCEED: - ANS-Policy
-Regulatory
-Organizational
-Constructs in Educational and
-Environmental
-Development.
PROCEED steps: - ANS-Implementation of the intervention: this phase occurs after an
implementation or action has been decided upon, and now the work of setting up and
implementing the chosen intervention begins.
-Process evaluation: this stage is about procedure; are you doing what was planned
and staying on course.
-Impact evaluation: this stage determines if the intervention is having the desired impact
on the target population.
-Outcome evaluation: this stage determines if the intervention leading to the desired
outcome has occurred.
The PRECEDE-PROCEED model provides the structure for two things: - ANS-planning
a focused public health program
-implementing and evaluating the program
Environmental Assessment - ANSAssessing and reviewing a specific area for any
contributing factors that affect the promotion of health, such as water contamination.
Education Assessment - ANSFocusing on predisposing, enabling, and reinforcing:
Assessing the educational needs and identifying any gaps in the community.
two main concepts that are associated with behavior change through community
engagement: - ANSevidence-based practice and the socio-ecological approach
with complete solutions
socio-ecological model of health - ANSexplores the relationship among health, the
individual, the group, and the community as they exist in their social, political, and
physical environments.
Income, employment, housing, and education help define a community, and these
factors can affect the health of individuals in the community.
Individual factors: - ANSThese are influences on an individual's behavior that can affect
behavior and choices, such as their knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and personality, which
may be negative or positive.
Interpersonal factors: - ANSThese are interactions with others that may provide support
or create barriers to interpersonal growth; interactions may promote healthy behavior or
act as a negative influence.
Institutional and organizational factors: - ANSThese are the rules, regulations, policies,
and formal structures that promote or constrain healthy behaviors. For example, all
employees of a company might be required to attend an Occupational Safety and
Health Administration (OSHA) training.
Community factors: - ANSThese are the formal or informal social norms that exist
among individuals, groups, or organizations, which may limit or enhance healthy
behaviors. For example, one norm is not littering in public areas.
Public policy factors: - ANSThese are the local, state, and federal policies that regulate
or support health and practices for disease prevention.
Focusing on these factors (social ecological model) - ANShelps public health workers
consider social determinants of health from an individual perspective, up to a larger
environmental perspective
PRECEDE-PROCEED model of health: - ANS-focuses on assessing the needs for
designing and implementing health promotion and public health
-Although this model is designed for public health, it is also useful for community
interventions.
, - change should focus on the outcome rather than the desired results established during
the assessment phase
PRECEDE: - ANS-Predisposing
-Reinforcing
-Enabling Constructs in Educational
-Diagnosis
-Evaluation.
PRECEDE steps: - ANS-Identifying the desired result
-Setting priorities
-Reviewing social determinants
-Identifying predisposing and reinforcing factors that may affect behavior and
environmental factors
-Identifying administration and policy factors that influence what may be implemented
PROCEED: - ANS-Policy
-Regulatory
-Organizational
-Constructs in Educational and
-Environmental
-Development.
PROCEED steps: - ANS-Implementation of the intervention: this phase occurs after an
implementation or action has been decided upon, and now the work of setting up and
implementing the chosen intervention begins.
-Process evaluation: this stage is about procedure; are you doing what was planned
and staying on course.
-Impact evaluation: this stage determines if the intervention is having the desired impact
on the target population.
-Outcome evaluation: this stage determines if the intervention leading to the desired
outcome has occurred.
The PRECEDE-PROCEED model provides the structure for two things: - ANS-planning
a focused public health program
-implementing and evaluating the program
Environmental Assessment - ANSAssessing and reviewing a specific area for any
contributing factors that affect the promotion of health, such as water contamination.
Education Assessment - ANSFocusing on predisposing, enabling, and reinforcing:
Assessing the educational needs and identifying any gaps in the community.
two main concepts that are associated with behavior change through community
engagement: - ANSevidence-based practice and the socio-ecological approach
