NURS 315: Exam #2 UPDATED Exam
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Hypersensitivity Type 1: Allergic - CORRECT ANSWER --IgE mediated
-allegerns
-environmental antigens that cause atypical immunologic response
-most common
-antibiotic allergies, food allergies, hay fever, urticaria, bee sting, anaphylaxis
Hypersensitivity Type 2: Cytotoxic - CORRECT ANSWER --IgG or IgM antibody
mediated, tissue specific antigen
-hemolysis in drug allergies (HIT, PCN induced drug reaction, autoimmune hemolytic anemia,
myasthenia gravis, graves disease)
-reaction against another individual's tissues (transplant rejection, transfusion reactions, fetus
during pregnancy)
-alloantigens (nonself antigens from members of same species, histocompatibility antigens)
Hypersensitivity Type 3: Immune Complex - CORRECT ANSWER --IgG immune
complex mediated
-Autoimmune disorder occurs when body's immune system attacks and destroys healthy body
tissue by mistake (>80 types)
-Cause unkown
-gluten (wheat) allergy, SLE, RA, post infectious glomerulonephritis
Hypersensitivity Type 4: Delayed (cell mediated) - CORRECT ANSWER --T-cell
mediated
-delayed hypersensitivity reaction (a day or more to develop)
-not humoral (cell mediated)
-response involved interaction of T cells, monocytes, and macrophages
,-overreaction of helper T cells and overproduction of cytokines damage tissues, cause
inflammation, and cell death
-Stevens Johnson syndrome, contact dermatitis, poison ivy, metal/jewelry -> response delayed
A+ blood type - CORRECT ANSWER --Can receive A+, A-, O+, O-
-Can donate to A+, AB+
O+ blood type - CORRECT ANSWER --Can receive O+, O-
-Can donate to O+, A+, B+, AB+
B+ blood type - CORRECT ANSWER --Can receive B+, B-, O+, O-
-Can donate to B+, AB+
AB+ blood type - CORRECT ANSWER --Can receive from everyone
-Can donate to AB+
A- blood type - CORRECT ANSWER --Can receive from A-, O-
-Can donate to A+, A-, AB+, AB-
O- blood type - CORRECT ANSWER --Can receive from O-
-Can donate to everyone
B- blood type - CORRECT ANSWER --Can receive from B-, O-
-Can donate to B+, B-, AB+, AB-
AB- blood type - CORRECT ANSWER --Can receive from AB-, A-, B-, O-
-Can donate to AB+, AB-
,systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) - CORRECT ANSWER --most common chronic
autoimmune disease
-auto antibodies against: nucleic acids, histones, ribonucleoproteins, other nuclear materials
-deposition of circulating immune complexes containing antibody against host DNA
-manifestations include: arthritis, vasculitis and rash, renal disease, hematologic (blood) changes,
cardiovascular disease
rheumatoid arthritis (RA) - CORRECT ANSWER -- chronic inflammatory disorder that
effects the joints and may have systemic effects
-0.5 to 1% of population, 2-3x more common in women
-genetics, environmental, hormonal, immunological, and infectious factors may play a role
(genetic factors count for 50% of risk)
-decreased incidence in women taking oral contraceptives
-immune system attacks synovial tissues stimulating inflammatory process resulting in
destruction of cartilage, bones, tendons, and ligaments (deformities caused by that)
transplant rejection - CORRECT ANSWER -major histocompatibility complex's (human
leukocyte antigen) are major target
Immune Deficiencies - CORRECT ANSWER --failure of immune mechanisms to function
normally
*increased susceptibility to infections
Primary (congenital) immunodeficiency - CORRECT ANSWER -result of single gene
effect
Secondary (acquired) immunodeficiency - CORRECT ANSWER --Caused by another
illness
-More common
, immune deficiency (clinical presentation) - CORRECT ANSWER -- development of
unusually or recurrent, severe, infection
- T-cell deficiencies (viral, fungal, yeast, and atypical microorganism)
- B-cell and phagocyte deficiencies (microorganisms requiring opsonization)
secondary immune deficiencies - CORRECT ANSWER -- malignancy,
immunosuppressive treatments, AIDS
Malignancy - CORRECT ANSWER --complicated by immunosuppression
-late stage malignancies result in generalized deficiency of immune response
many people with malignancies will die from infection rather than tumor
- cancer
immunosuppressive treatments - CORRECT ANSWER -corticosteroids, chemotherapeutic
agents, irradiation, antirejection drugs
AIDs - CORRECT ANSWER --most advanced stage of infection caused by HIV
-depletes body of Th cells
-creates generalized immune response
HIV - CORRECT ANSWER -- blood borne pathogen
- heterosexual activity is most common route
- more women infected
HIV clinical manifestations - CORRECT ANSWER -- Serologically negative—no
detectable antibody
- Serologically positive but asymptomatic—positive for antibody against HIV proteins
Early stages of HIV—mild and nonspecific symptoms
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Hypersensitivity Type 1: Allergic - CORRECT ANSWER --IgE mediated
-allegerns
-environmental antigens that cause atypical immunologic response
-most common
-antibiotic allergies, food allergies, hay fever, urticaria, bee sting, anaphylaxis
Hypersensitivity Type 2: Cytotoxic - CORRECT ANSWER --IgG or IgM antibody
mediated, tissue specific antigen
-hemolysis in drug allergies (HIT, PCN induced drug reaction, autoimmune hemolytic anemia,
myasthenia gravis, graves disease)
-reaction against another individual's tissues (transplant rejection, transfusion reactions, fetus
during pregnancy)
-alloantigens (nonself antigens from members of same species, histocompatibility antigens)
Hypersensitivity Type 3: Immune Complex - CORRECT ANSWER --IgG immune
complex mediated
-Autoimmune disorder occurs when body's immune system attacks and destroys healthy body
tissue by mistake (>80 types)
-Cause unkown
-gluten (wheat) allergy, SLE, RA, post infectious glomerulonephritis
Hypersensitivity Type 4: Delayed (cell mediated) - CORRECT ANSWER --T-cell
mediated
-delayed hypersensitivity reaction (a day or more to develop)
-not humoral (cell mediated)
-response involved interaction of T cells, monocytes, and macrophages
,-overreaction of helper T cells and overproduction of cytokines damage tissues, cause
inflammation, and cell death
-Stevens Johnson syndrome, contact dermatitis, poison ivy, metal/jewelry -> response delayed
A+ blood type - CORRECT ANSWER --Can receive A+, A-, O+, O-
-Can donate to A+, AB+
O+ blood type - CORRECT ANSWER --Can receive O+, O-
-Can donate to O+, A+, B+, AB+
B+ blood type - CORRECT ANSWER --Can receive B+, B-, O+, O-
-Can donate to B+, AB+
AB+ blood type - CORRECT ANSWER --Can receive from everyone
-Can donate to AB+
A- blood type - CORRECT ANSWER --Can receive from A-, O-
-Can donate to A+, A-, AB+, AB-
O- blood type - CORRECT ANSWER --Can receive from O-
-Can donate to everyone
B- blood type - CORRECT ANSWER --Can receive from B-, O-
-Can donate to B+, B-, AB+, AB-
AB- blood type - CORRECT ANSWER --Can receive from AB-, A-, B-, O-
-Can donate to AB+, AB-
,systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) - CORRECT ANSWER --most common chronic
autoimmune disease
-auto antibodies against: nucleic acids, histones, ribonucleoproteins, other nuclear materials
-deposition of circulating immune complexes containing antibody against host DNA
-manifestations include: arthritis, vasculitis and rash, renal disease, hematologic (blood) changes,
cardiovascular disease
rheumatoid arthritis (RA) - CORRECT ANSWER -- chronic inflammatory disorder that
effects the joints and may have systemic effects
-0.5 to 1% of population, 2-3x more common in women
-genetics, environmental, hormonal, immunological, and infectious factors may play a role
(genetic factors count for 50% of risk)
-decreased incidence in women taking oral contraceptives
-immune system attacks synovial tissues stimulating inflammatory process resulting in
destruction of cartilage, bones, tendons, and ligaments (deformities caused by that)
transplant rejection - CORRECT ANSWER -major histocompatibility complex's (human
leukocyte antigen) are major target
Immune Deficiencies - CORRECT ANSWER --failure of immune mechanisms to function
normally
*increased susceptibility to infections
Primary (congenital) immunodeficiency - CORRECT ANSWER -result of single gene
effect
Secondary (acquired) immunodeficiency - CORRECT ANSWER --Caused by another
illness
-More common
, immune deficiency (clinical presentation) - CORRECT ANSWER -- development of
unusually or recurrent, severe, infection
- T-cell deficiencies (viral, fungal, yeast, and atypical microorganism)
- B-cell and phagocyte deficiencies (microorganisms requiring opsonization)
secondary immune deficiencies - CORRECT ANSWER -- malignancy,
immunosuppressive treatments, AIDS
Malignancy - CORRECT ANSWER --complicated by immunosuppression
-late stage malignancies result in generalized deficiency of immune response
many people with malignancies will die from infection rather than tumor
- cancer
immunosuppressive treatments - CORRECT ANSWER -corticosteroids, chemotherapeutic
agents, irradiation, antirejection drugs
AIDs - CORRECT ANSWER --most advanced stage of infection caused by HIV
-depletes body of Th cells
-creates generalized immune response
HIV - CORRECT ANSWER -- blood borne pathogen
- heterosexual activity is most common route
- more women infected
HIV clinical manifestations - CORRECT ANSWER -- Serologically negative—no
detectable antibody
- Serologically positive but asymptomatic—positive for antibody against HIV proteins
Early stages of HIV—mild and nonspecific symptoms
