NUR 134 Infection/Inflammation UPDATED
ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT
Answers
Infection - CORRECT ANSWER disease state resulting from the presence/invasion of
pathogens that multiply in or on the body tissues that result in local cellular injury
hand hygiene, sterilization, antibiotics/antimicrobials - CORRECT ANSWER How can the
chain of infection be broken between the infectious agent & reservoir?
transmission-based precautions, sterilization, disposable supplies - CORRECT
ANSWER How can the chain of infection be broken between the reservoir and portal of
exit from reservoir?
Dry intact dressing, hand hygiene, wear gloves (if contact w/ body fluids), cover nose & mouth
(when sneezing) - CORRECT ANSWER How can the chain of infection be broken
between the portal of exit from reservoir & means of transmission?
hand hygiene, pesticides (to eliminate vectors), adequate refrigeration - CORRECT
ANSWER How can the chain of infection be broken between the means of transmission &
portals of entry?
hand hygiene, wear gloves, use masks & PPE, proper disposal of needles/sharps - CORRECT
ANSWER How can the chain of infection be broken between the portals of entry &
susceptible host?
infectious agent, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry, susceptible host -
CORRECT ANSWER What are the 6 components (in order) of the chain of infection?
bacteria, virus, fungi - CORRECT ANSWER What are 3 examples of an infectious agent?
,bacteria - CORRECT ANSWER the most significant and most commonly observed
infection-causing agents in hospital settings
virus - CORRECT ANSWER smallest of all microorganisms
fungi - CORRECT ANSWER plant-like organisms present in air, soil, and water
virulence - CORRECT ANSWER ability to cause disease or harm
reservoir - CORRECT ANSWER A place where the pathogen grows and reproduces
reservoirs - CORRECT ANSWER People, animals, soil/food/water/milk, and inanimate
objects are possible __________ for microorganisms.
exit - CORRECT ANSWER Respiratory, GI, GU tracts, breaks in skin, & blood/tissue are
common portals of _________
contact, droplet, airborne - CORRECT ANSWER What are the 3 primary routes of
transmission of infection?
vehicles, vectors - CORRECT ANSWER What are 2 lesser routes of transmission of
infection?
entry - CORRECT ANSWER Respiratory tract, URI, GI tract, GU tract, breaks in skin,
mucous membranes, and the bloodstream are common portals of _______
incubation, prodromal, illness (full stage), convalescent - CORRECT ANSWER What are
the 4 stages of infection (in order)?
, Incubation period - CORRECT ANSWER the period between exposure to an infection and
the appearance of the first symptoms; organisms grow and multiply
prodromal stage - CORRECT ANSWER person is most infectious, vague and nonspecific
signs of disease (fatigue, malaise, low-grade fever)
full stage of illness - CORRECT ANSWER presence of specific signs and symptoms of
disease
convalescent period - CORRECT ANSWER recovery from the infection
normal flora, inflammatory/immune response - CORRECT ANSWER What are 3 main
body defenses against infection?
inflammatory response - CORRECT ANSWER localized response of the body to injury or
infection; protective mechanism that eliminates invading pathogens, removes dead/damaged
tissue and allows for tissue repair to occur
vascular, cellular - CORRECT ANSWER What are the two stages of inflammation
involved in wound healing?
vascular stage - CORRECT ANSWER stage in which vasoconstriction of small blood
vessels is followed by vasodilation of arterioles & venules; increase in blood flow results in
redness & heat
histamine, swelling, pain - CORRECT ANSWER During the cellular stage of
inflammation, _________ is released which increases permeability of vessels, allowing protein-
rich fluid to pour into the area. At this point, _______, _________, and loss of function can
occur
cellular stage - CORRECT ANSWER WBCs move into injured area, cleaning wound, &
consuming debris; this stage is most active during the 1st 24 hours
ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT
Answers
Infection - CORRECT ANSWER disease state resulting from the presence/invasion of
pathogens that multiply in or on the body tissues that result in local cellular injury
hand hygiene, sterilization, antibiotics/antimicrobials - CORRECT ANSWER How can the
chain of infection be broken between the infectious agent & reservoir?
transmission-based precautions, sterilization, disposable supplies - CORRECT
ANSWER How can the chain of infection be broken between the reservoir and portal of
exit from reservoir?
Dry intact dressing, hand hygiene, wear gloves (if contact w/ body fluids), cover nose & mouth
(when sneezing) - CORRECT ANSWER How can the chain of infection be broken
between the portal of exit from reservoir & means of transmission?
hand hygiene, pesticides (to eliminate vectors), adequate refrigeration - CORRECT
ANSWER How can the chain of infection be broken between the means of transmission &
portals of entry?
hand hygiene, wear gloves, use masks & PPE, proper disposal of needles/sharps - CORRECT
ANSWER How can the chain of infection be broken between the portals of entry &
susceptible host?
infectious agent, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry, susceptible host -
CORRECT ANSWER What are the 6 components (in order) of the chain of infection?
bacteria, virus, fungi - CORRECT ANSWER What are 3 examples of an infectious agent?
,bacteria - CORRECT ANSWER the most significant and most commonly observed
infection-causing agents in hospital settings
virus - CORRECT ANSWER smallest of all microorganisms
fungi - CORRECT ANSWER plant-like organisms present in air, soil, and water
virulence - CORRECT ANSWER ability to cause disease or harm
reservoir - CORRECT ANSWER A place where the pathogen grows and reproduces
reservoirs - CORRECT ANSWER People, animals, soil/food/water/milk, and inanimate
objects are possible __________ for microorganisms.
exit - CORRECT ANSWER Respiratory, GI, GU tracts, breaks in skin, & blood/tissue are
common portals of _________
contact, droplet, airborne - CORRECT ANSWER What are the 3 primary routes of
transmission of infection?
vehicles, vectors - CORRECT ANSWER What are 2 lesser routes of transmission of
infection?
entry - CORRECT ANSWER Respiratory tract, URI, GI tract, GU tract, breaks in skin,
mucous membranes, and the bloodstream are common portals of _______
incubation, prodromal, illness (full stage), convalescent - CORRECT ANSWER What are
the 4 stages of infection (in order)?
, Incubation period - CORRECT ANSWER the period between exposure to an infection and
the appearance of the first symptoms; organisms grow and multiply
prodromal stage - CORRECT ANSWER person is most infectious, vague and nonspecific
signs of disease (fatigue, malaise, low-grade fever)
full stage of illness - CORRECT ANSWER presence of specific signs and symptoms of
disease
convalescent period - CORRECT ANSWER recovery from the infection
normal flora, inflammatory/immune response - CORRECT ANSWER What are 3 main
body defenses against infection?
inflammatory response - CORRECT ANSWER localized response of the body to injury or
infection; protective mechanism that eliminates invading pathogens, removes dead/damaged
tissue and allows for tissue repair to occur
vascular, cellular - CORRECT ANSWER What are the two stages of inflammation
involved in wound healing?
vascular stage - CORRECT ANSWER stage in which vasoconstriction of small blood
vessels is followed by vasodilation of arterioles & venules; increase in blood flow results in
redness & heat
histamine, swelling, pain - CORRECT ANSWER During the cellular stage of
inflammation, _________ is released which increases permeability of vessels, allowing protein-
rich fluid to pour into the area. At this point, _______, _________, and loss of function can
occur
cellular stage - CORRECT ANSWER WBCs move into injured area, cleaning wound, &
consuming debris; this stage is most active during the 1st 24 hours
