Radiation Therapy Exam 100% Solved Correct A+ Pass

Radiation Therapy Exam 100% Solved Correct A+ Pass What 2 things can be used to protect against neutron leakage from the treatment room door? - Answer- 1. Maze-increase the length (5 meters) 2. Material-add few inches of hydrogenous material such as polyethylene 3 organizations that are available for accreditation for radiation oncology practices - Answer- 1. American College of Radiology (ACR) 2. American College of Radiation Oncology (ACRO) 3. American Society for Radiation Oncology (ASTRO) What can be added to a treatment room door to protect against scattered x-rays? - Answer- Steel or lead sheet What can be added to a treatment room door to thermalize neutrons and reduce the neutron dose? - Answer- Few inches of a hydrogenous material such as polyethylene What is the name of the ACR's accreditation program? - Answer- ACR's Radiation Oncology Practice Accreditation Program (ROPA) What is the name of the accrediting program for radiation oncology by ASTRO? - Answer- Apex-Astro Accreditation Program for Excellence What are the 3 types of radiation that protection is required for? - Answer- 1. Primary radiation 2. Scattered radiation 3. Leakage radiation through the source housing List the 4 factors that are used in the calculation of barrier thickness - Answer- 1. Workload 2. Use factor 3. Occupancy factor 4. Distance What are the 4 factors that the amount of radiation scattered depends on? - Answer- 1. Beam intensity incident on the scatterer 2. The quality of radiation 3. The area of the beam of the scatterer 4. The scattering angle What document outlines the leakage requirement for therapeutic source assemblies in radiation therapy? What was the old document that it replaced? - Answer- 1. NCRP Report 102 2. NCRP Report 33 For door shielding-what are the requirements? - Answer- Unless a maze entranceway is provided, the door must provide shielding equivalent to the wall surrounding the door, be extremely heavy, requires a motor drive as a means of manual operation in case of emergency. What are the high energy x-ray beams (10 MV) contaminated with? What energy range dose this increase rapidly? - Answer- Neutrons, 10-20MV What is sufficient for protection of neutrons? - Answer- Concrete barriers designed for x-ray shielding What method was traditionally used for treatment verification? - Answer- Port films What has typically replaced the traditional method for treatment verification? - Answer- Using electronic portal imaging devices (EPIDS) ACR is the primary professional organization for who? - Answer- Radiologists, radiation oncologists, and clinical medical physicists Items that fall under the realm of the NRC are: - Answer- 1. Use of radioisotopes in brachytherapy 2. Cobalt source What is the latest equipment available to check patient set-up immediately prior to treatment and to adjust patient position as needed to localize the target volume precisely? - Answer- IGRT What is necessary to have when checking patient set-up prior to treatment to localize the target volume precisely? - Answer- Reference images for comparison Who is responsible for the verification and documentation of the accuracy of the treatment delivery as related to the initial treatment planning & set up procedure? - Answer- Physician What does OSHA do? - Answer- 1. Mandated a policy on bloodborne pathogens 2. Sets standards for exposure to cadmium and lead Additional practices that can facilitate a positive culture shift toward safety mindfulness examples: (3) - Answer- 1. Good catch 2. Safety rounds 3. Huddles What is the recommended frequency of testing for the ODI? - Answer- Daily List a tool that can be used in a method to check for jaw symmetry - Answer- Machinist's dial indicator For IMRT and 3D CRT, what method is used to check isocenter? - Answer- Using orthogonal imaging What other steps must be included in the pre-treatment QA process? - Answer- Steps that are aimed at checking the accuracy of both the dose calculations and the data used for treatment through the complete chain of systems What does the AAPM do to assist team members with commissioning, performance evaluations, and periodic calibrations? - Answer- Publish extensive guidelines on the conduct of these duties What factors would impact the number of dosimetrists (staffing)? - Answer- Depends on the complexity of patients treated by an individual physician or by the complexity of technology What are the minimum requirements for: Medical dosimetrist Radiation therapist - Answer- 1 per 250 patients treated annually 1 per 90 patients treated annually What else might be done to check isocenter for IMRT and 3D CRT to completely guarantee patient safety? - Answer- Patient specific QA measurements in placement of dosimeter Who is responsible for initial commissioning, ongoing performance evaluation, and periodic calibrations of the gradation treatment delivery devices? - Answer- Medical physicist What is the tolerance for the ODI set by the AAPM TG-142? Is the tolerance the same for non IMRT, IMRT, & SRS/SBRT? - Answer- +/- 2 mm, tolerance all the same What is typically the symmetry error of the collimator jaws? - Answer- Less than 1 mm What AAPM TG covers periodic testing of MLC's? - Answer- AAPM TG-142 What is the name of the first part of the ARRT Standard of Ethics? - Answer- Code of ethics