Radiation Therapy EXAM REAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS |COMPLETE SOLUTIONS

Radiation Therapy EXAM REAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS |COMPLETE SOLUTIONS Palliation - Answer- To relieve symptoms or the severity of disease without curing the disease or pathological process The Radiation Therapy Team - Answer- Radiation oncologist Medical Physicist Medical dosimetrist Oncology Nurse Radiation therapist Radiation oncologist - Answer- Prescribes the quantity of radiation and determines anatomic region to be treated. Radiation therapy - Answer- Also known as radiation oncology Three principal modalities used in the treatment of cancer - Answer- Radiation therapy Surgery Chemotherapy Medical Physicist - Answer- Responsible for calibration and maintenance of radiation-producing equipment, and gives advice on dosage calculations. Medical dosimetrist - Answer- Devises a plan for delivering treatments to irradiate tumor while protecting normal tissue Oncology Nurse - Answer- Responsible for patient education on radiation side effects and side effect management. Radiation therapist - Answer- Responsibilities: Obtaining radiographs or CT scans that localize the area to be treated Administering treatments Keeping accurate records of dose delivered each day Monitoring the patient's physical and emotional well-being Radiation Therapy History - Answer- Early days of x-ray Biological effects of ionizing radiation observed Epilation - Answer- Loss of hair Erythema - Answer- Reddening of the skin Radiation Therapy History --Jan 29, 1896 - Answer- Dr. Emile Grubbe irradiated a woman with a carcinoma of the left breast. Radiation Therapy History --Jan 1902 - Answer- Dr. Clarence Skinner performed the first reported curative treatment using ionizing radiation on a woman with malignant fibrosarcoma Radiation Therapy History --Apr 1909 - Answer- The woman Dr. Skinner treated in 1902 was declared free of her malignant fibrosarcoma. Two major categories for application of radiation for cancer treatment - Answer- External-beam Brachytherapy External-beam - Answer- Also called teletherapy The patient lies underneath a machine that emits radiation or generates a beam of x-rays. Brachytherapy - Answer- Radioactive material is placed within the patient. 3 Techniques: Mould technique, Intracavitary implant technique, Interstitial implant technique Mould technique - Answer- Radioactive source is placed in close proximity to the lesion. Intracavitary implant technique - Answer- Placement of radioactive source in a body cavity (i.e., uterine canal or vagina) Interstitial implant technique - Answer- Radioactive source is placed directly into the tumor site and adjacent tissue (i.e., prostate carcinoma or sarcoma in a muscle). Radiation Therapy Equipment - Answer- 120-kVp superficial x-ray unit 250-kVp orthovoltage unit Cobalt-60 gamma ray source 6-35 MV linear accelerator or betatron 120-kVp superficial x-ray unit - Answer- For treatment of superficial lesions. Low-energy beam (120 kVp or less) deposits all or most of its energy on or near the surface 250-kVp orthovoltage unit - Answer- For treatment of moderately superficial lesions Cobalt-60 gamma ray source "work horse" - Answer- Average energy is 1.25 MeV High energy (1 MeV or greater) is most suitable for tumors deep beneath the body Replaced orthovoltage units in the early '50s First skin-sparing machine Known as the "work horse" because of its reliability and mechanical simplicity First machine to rotate 360° around the patient. 6-35 MV linear accelerator or "betatron" - Answer- Source for high energy electrons Megavoltage high-energy beam is most suitable for tumors deep within the body. Developed in 1952- first used in the US in 1956 Photon beam is produced by accelerating a stream of electrons toward a target. Today's modern linac is equipped with "dualing asymmetric (independent) jaws" for collimation Allows each of the four collimator blades to move independently