Microbiology Chapter 3 Prescott Questions and Answers Solved Correctly Latest Update

Microbiology Chapter 3 Prescott Questions and Answers Solved Correctly Latest Update Sticky layer surrounding bacteria that allows them to stick to surfaces and avoid phagocytosis - Answerscapsule (slime layer, glycocalyx) When organisms stick to and colonize plastic biomedical devices - Answersbiofilm Found only in Gram-negative cells - AnswersLipopolysaccharide Found in both Gram-positive and Gram-negative cells (their cell wall) - Answerspeptidoglycan Flagella at one end - Answersmonotrichous Flagella at both ends - AnswersAmphitrichous A tuft of flagella at one end - AnswersLophotrichous Flagella protruding from the entire surface of the cell - Answersperitrichous Percentage of bacteria that have flagella (are motile) - Answers50% Portion of the Gram-negative cell that is considered toxic - AnswersLipid A Numerous, hollow protein tubes that bacteria use for sticking to surfaces and exchanging genetic information - Answerspili (pillus) Number and type of chromosome seen in prokaryotes. - Answerssingle, circular Number and type of chromosomes seen in eukaryotes - Answersmore than 1, linear Prokaryotic ribosomes - Answers70s Eukaryotic ribosomes - Answers80s Process of spore formation - Answerssporogenesis Process by which a spore becomes a vegetative cell - Answersgermination Dormant, heat-resistant structure produced by some genera of bacteria - Answersendospores Process by which eukaryotic cells divide - Answersmitosis What are the 2 major antibiotic targets in prokaryotic cells and why? - AnswersPeptidoglycan synthesis: Prokaryotic substance not found in eukaryotes; 70s ribosomes: the 30s & 50s subunits are unique in their rRNA makeup & protein sequences. Eukaryotes contain 80s ribosomes composed of 40s & 60s subunits What is the makeup of the plasma membrane? - AnswersAmphipathic phospholipids; phosphates are hydrophilic and fatty acids are hydrophobic and point towards the interior. In addition, there are proteins embedded within the phospholipid bilayer, some of which are integral, some are transmembrane, and some are conjugated with other macromolecules such as carbohydrates or lipids. Hopanoids are also included. What are hopanoids? What role do they play? - AnswersHopanoids are sterol-like lipids, and like other sterols, they help to stabilize the membrane. What genera of bacteria are best known for their ability to form endospores? - AnswersClostridium & Bacillus Under what conditions will an organism form endospores (what triggers this process)? - AnswersWhen conditions are unfavorable for continued growth: lack of nutrients, excessive heat (or cold), lack of water, exposure to radiation, etc..