NR507 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MIDTERM NEW VERSION 2025/2026 WITH ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND WELL DEFIENED ANSWERS ALREADY GRADED A+

NR507 ADVANCED
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
MIDTERM NEW VERSION
2025/2026 WITH ACTUAL QUESTIONS
AND WELL DEFIENED ANSWERS
ALREADY GRADED A+

Hypersensitivity: Type 1 - CORRECT ANSWER -Type 1: Allergic reaction, Mediated by IgE,
Inflammation due to mast cell degranulation



Local symptoms:

-itching

-rash

Systemic symptoms:

-wheezing

Most dangerous = anaphylactic reaction

systemic response of hypotension, severe bronchoconstriction

Main treatment: epinephrine reverses the effects



Hypersensitivity: Type 2 - CORRECT ANSWER -Type 2: Cytotoxic reaction; tissue specific (ex:
thyroid tissue)



Macrophages are the primary effectors cells involved

, Can cause tissue damage or alter function



Grave's disease (hyperthyroidism) - example of altering thyroid function, but does not
destroy thyroid tissue



Incompatible blood type- example of cell/tissue damage that occurs; severe transfusion
reaction occurs and the transfused erythrocytes are destroyed by agglutination or
complement-mediated lysis.



Type 1 Hypersensitivity VS. Type 2 Hypersensitivity - CORRECT ANSWER -Type 1
Hypersensitivity

Organ Specific

Antibody binds to the antigen on the cell surface



Type 2 Hypersensitivity

Not Organ Specific

Antibody binds to the soluble antigen outside the cell surface that was released into the
blood or body fluids, and the complex is then deposited in the tissues



Hypersensitivity: Type 3 - Examples - CORRECT ANSWER -Rheumatoid arthritis:
Antigen/antibodies are deposited in the joints



Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)- very closely related to autoimmunity-
antigen/antibodies deposit in organs that cause tissue damage



Hypersensitivity: Type 4 - CORRECT ANSWER -Delayed response



Does not involve antigen/antibody complexes like Types 1, 2 and 3



Is T-cell mediated