NSG 530 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 3
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS LATEST 2025/2026
1. A patient is diagnosed with a kidney stone that is composed of magnesium,
ammonium, and phosphate. What type of urinary calculus is this?
A) Calcium
B) Struvite
C) Uric acid
D) Indinavir
Answer B) Struvite
2. A patient has uncontrolled or premature contractions of the detrusor mus-
cle. Which condition is associated with this medical problem?
A) Spinal cord injury
B) Immune system dysfunction
C) Congestive heart failure
D) Renal carcinoma
Answer A) Spinal cord injury
3. Which statement regarding renal cell carcinoma is correct?
,A) It is associated with p53.
B) Symptoms include painless hematuria.
C) Early stages produce a large abdominal mass.
D) Granular cell tumors have better prognosis.
Answer B) Symptoms include painless hematuria.
4. A patient who reports abdominal and back pain has been diagnosed with
bacteria in the urine. What is the appropriate term for involvement of the upper
urinary tract that is likely to cause such symptoms?
A) Cystitis
B) Pyelonephritis
C) Urinary tract infection
D) Asymptomatic bacteriuria
Answer B) Pyelonephritis
5. With which bacteria is acute glomerulonephritis associated?
A) Escherichia coli
B) Staphylococcus
C) Group A Streptococcus
D) Klebsiella
Answer C) Group A Streptococcus
,6. A diabetic child with 4.0 g of protein in her urine each day is experiencing
edema and vitamin D deficiency. Which is the most likely diagnosis?
A) Nephritic syndrome
B) Nephrotic syndrome
C) Acute renal failure
D) Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis
Answer Nephrotic syndrome
7. A 2-month-old male patient presents with the urethral opening on the dorsal
surface of the penis. Which term is the correct name for this anomaly?
A) Hypospadias
, B) Epispadias
C) Exstrophy
D) Ureteropelvic junction
Answer Epispadias
8. A patient presents with wide-set eyes, "parrot beak" nose, low-set ears, and
receding chin. What is the renal manifestation associated with this presenta-
tion?
A) Potter syndrome
B) Polycystic kidney disease
C) Infundibular stenosis
D) Megacalycosis
Answer Potter syndrome
9. A 6-year-old has just recovered from streptococcal pharyngitis. Which state-
ment regarding this child's acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis is true?
A) Antibody-antigen complexes of IgM, IgG, and IgA are deposited.
B) The exact mechanism of immune complexes is unknown.
C) There is decreased vascular permeability.
D) No signs of inflammation are present.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS LATEST 2025/2026
1. A patient is diagnosed with a kidney stone that is composed of magnesium,
ammonium, and phosphate. What type of urinary calculus is this?
A) Calcium
B) Struvite
C) Uric acid
D) Indinavir
Answer B) Struvite
2. A patient has uncontrolled or premature contractions of the detrusor mus-
cle. Which condition is associated with this medical problem?
A) Spinal cord injury
B) Immune system dysfunction
C) Congestive heart failure
D) Renal carcinoma
Answer A) Spinal cord injury
3. Which statement regarding renal cell carcinoma is correct?
,A) It is associated with p53.
B) Symptoms include painless hematuria.
C) Early stages produce a large abdominal mass.
D) Granular cell tumors have better prognosis.
Answer B) Symptoms include painless hematuria.
4. A patient who reports abdominal and back pain has been diagnosed with
bacteria in the urine. What is the appropriate term for involvement of the upper
urinary tract that is likely to cause such symptoms?
A) Cystitis
B) Pyelonephritis
C) Urinary tract infection
D) Asymptomatic bacteriuria
Answer B) Pyelonephritis
5. With which bacteria is acute glomerulonephritis associated?
A) Escherichia coli
B) Staphylococcus
C) Group A Streptococcus
D) Klebsiella
Answer C) Group A Streptococcus
,6. A diabetic child with 4.0 g of protein in her urine each day is experiencing
edema and vitamin D deficiency. Which is the most likely diagnosis?
A) Nephritic syndrome
B) Nephrotic syndrome
C) Acute renal failure
D) Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis
Answer Nephrotic syndrome
7. A 2-month-old male patient presents with the urethral opening on the dorsal
surface of the penis. Which term is the correct name for this anomaly?
A) Hypospadias
, B) Epispadias
C) Exstrophy
D) Ureteropelvic junction
Answer Epispadias
8. A patient presents with wide-set eyes, "parrot beak" nose, low-set ears, and
receding chin. What is the renal manifestation associated with this presenta-
tion?
A) Potter syndrome
B) Polycystic kidney disease
C) Infundibular stenosis
D) Megacalycosis
Answer Potter syndrome
9. A 6-year-old has just recovered from streptococcal pharyngitis. Which state-
ment regarding this child's acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis is true?
A) Antibody-antigen complexes of IgM, IgG, and IgA are deposited.
B) The exact mechanism of immune complexes is unknown.
C) There is decreased vascular permeability.
D) No signs of inflammation are present.
