NUR2407 EXAM 1 (LATEST ):
PHARMACOLOGY QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS)
PLUS RATIONALES
1. What is the primary organ responsible for drug metabolism?
A. Kidney
B. Stomach
C. Liver
D. Lungs
The liver contains enzymes, particularly cytochrome P450, that metabolize drugs
into more water-soluble compounds for excretion.
2. A patient on warfarin is instructed to avoid foods high in which vitamin?
A. Vitamin C
B. Vitamin D
C. Vitamin K
D. Vitamin B12
Vitamin K can antagonize the effects of warfarin, reducing its anticoagulant
effectiveness.
3. Which term describes the time it takes for half of a drug to be eliminated
from the body?
A. Bioavailability
B. Half-life
,C. Onset
D. Peak
Half-life is a pharmacokinetic measure of how long it takes for the concentration
of the drug to decrease by half.
4. Which route of administration provides the fastest onset of drug action?
A. Oral
B. Subcutaneous
C. Intravenous
D. Topical
Intravenous administration bypasses absorption and goes directly into the
bloodstream.
5. What is the purpose of an agonist drug?
A. To block receptor activity
B. To inhibit enzyme activity
C. To mimic a natural substance and activate receptors
D. To increase metabolism
Agonists bind to receptors and produce a response by mimicking the action of
endogenous substances.
6. What effect does grapefruit juice have on certain medications?
A. Increases renal excretion
B. Enhances protein binding
C. Decreases absorption
D. Inhibits metabolism
, Grapefruit juice inhibits cytochrome P450 enzymes, increasing drug levels and
potential toxicity.
7. Which of the following is a common side effect of opioids?
A. Constipation
B. Diarrhea
C. Hypertension
D. Polyuria
Opioids reduce gastrointestinal motility, commonly leading to constipation.
8. Which lab value should be monitored for a patient taking digoxin?
A. BUN
B. Potassium
C. Glucose
D. Platelets
Low potassium levels increase the risk of digoxin toxicity.
9. A patient receiving aminoglycoside antibiotics should be monitored for:
A. Hepatotoxicity
B. Hypertension
C. Ototoxicity
D. Constipation
Aminoglycosides can damage the eighth cranial nerve, leading to hearing loss
and balance issues.
10. A black box warning indicates:
A. The drug is generic
B. It is safe for pregnancy
PHARMACOLOGY QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS)
PLUS RATIONALES
1. What is the primary organ responsible for drug metabolism?
A. Kidney
B. Stomach
C. Liver
D. Lungs
The liver contains enzymes, particularly cytochrome P450, that metabolize drugs
into more water-soluble compounds for excretion.
2. A patient on warfarin is instructed to avoid foods high in which vitamin?
A. Vitamin C
B. Vitamin D
C. Vitamin K
D. Vitamin B12
Vitamin K can antagonize the effects of warfarin, reducing its anticoagulant
effectiveness.
3. Which term describes the time it takes for half of a drug to be eliminated
from the body?
A. Bioavailability
B. Half-life
,C. Onset
D. Peak
Half-life is a pharmacokinetic measure of how long it takes for the concentration
of the drug to decrease by half.
4. Which route of administration provides the fastest onset of drug action?
A. Oral
B. Subcutaneous
C. Intravenous
D. Topical
Intravenous administration bypasses absorption and goes directly into the
bloodstream.
5. What is the purpose of an agonist drug?
A. To block receptor activity
B. To inhibit enzyme activity
C. To mimic a natural substance and activate receptors
D. To increase metabolism
Agonists bind to receptors and produce a response by mimicking the action of
endogenous substances.
6. What effect does grapefruit juice have on certain medications?
A. Increases renal excretion
B. Enhances protein binding
C. Decreases absorption
D. Inhibits metabolism
, Grapefruit juice inhibits cytochrome P450 enzymes, increasing drug levels and
potential toxicity.
7. Which of the following is a common side effect of opioids?
A. Constipation
B. Diarrhea
C. Hypertension
D. Polyuria
Opioids reduce gastrointestinal motility, commonly leading to constipation.
8. Which lab value should be monitored for a patient taking digoxin?
A. BUN
B. Potassium
C. Glucose
D. Platelets
Low potassium levels increase the risk of digoxin toxicity.
9. A patient receiving aminoglycoside antibiotics should be monitored for:
A. Hepatotoxicity
B. Hypertension
C. Ototoxicity
D. Constipation
Aminoglycosides can damage the eighth cranial nerve, leading to hearing loss
and balance issues.
10. A black box warning indicates:
A. The drug is generic
B. It is safe for pregnancy
