Fundamentals of Nursing Exam 2025|
3 Versions with Verified Answers and
Explanations
Fundamentals of Nursing Exam 1
1. Using the principles of standard precautions, the nurse would wear gloves in what
nursing interventions?
A. Providing a back massage
B. Feeding a client
C. Providing hair care
D. Providing oral hygiene
Correct Answer: D. Providing oral hygiene
Explanation: Standard precautions require gloves when there is potential contact with bodily
fluids, such as saliva during oral hygiene. Back massage, feeding, and hair care typically do not
involve exposure to bodily fluids, so gloves are not required.
2. The nurse is preparing to take vital signs in an alert client admitted to the hospital with
dehydration secondary to vomiting and diarrhea. What is the best method used to assess
the client’s temperature?
A. Oral
B. Axillary
C. Radial
D. Heat sensitive tape
Correct Answer: B. Axillary
Explanation: For a client with dehydration due to vomiting and diarrhea, the oral route is
unreliable due to potential dryness or recent fluid intake. Axillary temperature is a safe and non-
invasive method for an alert client.
3. A nurse obtained a client’s pulse and found the rate to be above normal. The nurse
documents this finding as:
A. Tachypnea
B. Hyper pyrexia
C. Arrhythmia
D. Tachycardia
,Correct Answer: D. Tachycardia
Explanation: Tachycardia is the term for an abnormally high pulse rate. Tachypnea refers to
rapid breathing, hyperpyrexia to high fever, and arrhythmia to irregular heart rhythm.
4. Which of the following actions should the nurse take to use a wide base support when
assisting a client to get up in a chair?
A. Bend at the waist and place arms under the client’s arms and lift
B. Face the client, bend knees and place hands on client’s forearm and lift
C. Spread his or her feet apart
D. Tighten his or her pelvic muscles
Correct Answer: C. Spread his or her feet apart
Explanation: A wide base of support, achieved by spreading the feet apart, provides stability
and balance when assisting a client, reducing the risk of falling or injury.
5. A client had oral surgery following a motor vehicle accident. The nurse assessing the
client finds the skin flushed and warm. Which of the following would be the best method to
take the client’s body temperature?
A. Oral
B. Axillary
C. Arterial line
D. Rectal
Correct Answer: B. Axillary
Explanation: Oral temperature is unreliable after oral surgery due to potential swelling or pain.
Axillary is a safe, non-invasive alternative for assessing temperature in this scenario.
6. A client who is unconscious needs frequent mouth care. When performing mouth care,
the best position of a client is:
A. Fowler’s position
B. Side lying
C. Supine
D. Trendelenburg
Correct Answer: B. Side lying
Explanation: Side-lying position facilitates drainage of secretions during mouth care, reducing
the risk of aspiration in an unconscious client.
7. A client is hospitalized for the first time, which of the following actions ensure the safety
of the client?
,A. Keep unnecessary furniture out of the way
B. Keep the lights on at all times
C. Keep side rails up at all times
D. Keep all equipment out of view
Correct Answer: A. Keep unnecessary furniture out of the way
Explanation: Removing unnecessary furniture reduces the risk of tripping or injury, enhancing
client safety. Keeping lights on or side rails up at all times may not always be appropriate or
necessary.
8. A walk-in client enters into the clinic with a chief complaint of abdominal pain and
diarrhea. The nurse takes the client’s vital signs hereafter. What phase of nursing process
is being implemented here by the nurse?
A. Assessment
B. Diagnosis
C. Planning
D. Implementation
Correct Answer: A. Assessment
Explanation: Taking vital signs is part of the assessment phase, where the nurse collects data to
understand the client’s health status.
9. It is best described as a systematic, rational method of planning and providing nursing
care for individuals, families, groups, and communities.
A. Assessment
B. Nursing Process
C. Diagnosis
D. Implementation
Correct Answer: B. Nursing Process
Explanation: The nursing process is a systematic, five-step method (assessment, diagnosis,
planning, implementation, evaluation) for delivering client-centered care.
10. Exchange of gases takes place in which of the following organs?
A. Kidney
B. Lungs
C. Liver
D. Heart
Correct Answer: B. Lungs
Explanation: Gas exchange (oxygen and carbon dioxide) occurs in the alveoli of the lungs
during respiration.
, 11. The chamber of the heart that receives oxygenated blood from the lungs is the?
A. Left atrium
B. Right atrium
C. Left ventricle
D. Right ventricle
Correct Answer: A. Left atrium
Explanation: The left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs via the pulmonary veins.
12. A muscular enlarged pouch or sac that lies slightly to the left which is used for
temporary storage of food…
A. Gallbladder
B. Urinary bladder
C. Stomach
D. Lungs
Correct Answer: C. Stomach
Explanation: The stomach is a muscular organ that temporarily stores food during digestion and
is located slightly to the left in the abdominal cavity.
13. The ability of the body to defend itself against scientific invading agents such as
bacteria, toxins, viruses, and foreign bodies.
A. Hormones
B. Secretion
C. Immunity
D. Glands
Correct Answer: C. Immunity
Explanation: Immunity refers to the body’s ability to protect itself from pathogens and foreign
substances.
14. Hormones secreted by Islets of Langerhans
A. Progesterone
B. Testosterone
C. Insulin
D. Hemoglobin
Correct Answer: C. Insulin
Explanation: The Islets of Langerhans in the pancreas secrete insulin, which regulates blood
sugar levels.
3 Versions with Verified Answers and
Explanations
Fundamentals of Nursing Exam 1
1. Using the principles of standard precautions, the nurse would wear gloves in what
nursing interventions?
A. Providing a back massage
B. Feeding a client
C. Providing hair care
D. Providing oral hygiene
Correct Answer: D. Providing oral hygiene
Explanation: Standard precautions require gloves when there is potential contact with bodily
fluids, such as saliva during oral hygiene. Back massage, feeding, and hair care typically do not
involve exposure to bodily fluids, so gloves are not required.
2. The nurse is preparing to take vital signs in an alert client admitted to the hospital with
dehydration secondary to vomiting and diarrhea. What is the best method used to assess
the client’s temperature?
A. Oral
B. Axillary
C. Radial
D. Heat sensitive tape
Correct Answer: B. Axillary
Explanation: For a client with dehydration due to vomiting and diarrhea, the oral route is
unreliable due to potential dryness or recent fluid intake. Axillary temperature is a safe and non-
invasive method for an alert client.
3. A nurse obtained a client’s pulse and found the rate to be above normal. The nurse
documents this finding as:
A. Tachypnea
B. Hyper pyrexia
C. Arrhythmia
D. Tachycardia
,Correct Answer: D. Tachycardia
Explanation: Tachycardia is the term for an abnormally high pulse rate. Tachypnea refers to
rapid breathing, hyperpyrexia to high fever, and arrhythmia to irregular heart rhythm.
4. Which of the following actions should the nurse take to use a wide base support when
assisting a client to get up in a chair?
A. Bend at the waist and place arms under the client’s arms and lift
B. Face the client, bend knees and place hands on client’s forearm and lift
C. Spread his or her feet apart
D. Tighten his or her pelvic muscles
Correct Answer: C. Spread his or her feet apart
Explanation: A wide base of support, achieved by spreading the feet apart, provides stability
and balance when assisting a client, reducing the risk of falling or injury.
5. A client had oral surgery following a motor vehicle accident. The nurse assessing the
client finds the skin flushed and warm. Which of the following would be the best method to
take the client’s body temperature?
A. Oral
B. Axillary
C. Arterial line
D. Rectal
Correct Answer: B. Axillary
Explanation: Oral temperature is unreliable after oral surgery due to potential swelling or pain.
Axillary is a safe, non-invasive alternative for assessing temperature in this scenario.
6. A client who is unconscious needs frequent mouth care. When performing mouth care,
the best position of a client is:
A. Fowler’s position
B. Side lying
C. Supine
D. Trendelenburg
Correct Answer: B. Side lying
Explanation: Side-lying position facilitates drainage of secretions during mouth care, reducing
the risk of aspiration in an unconscious client.
7. A client is hospitalized for the first time, which of the following actions ensure the safety
of the client?
,A. Keep unnecessary furniture out of the way
B. Keep the lights on at all times
C. Keep side rails up at all times
D. Keep all equipment out of view
Correct Answer: A. Keep unnecessary furniture out of the way
Explanation: Removing unnecessary furniture reduces the risk of tripping or injury, enhancing
client safety. Keeping lights on or side rails up at all times may not always be appropriate or
necessary.
8. A walk-in client enters into the clinic with a chief complaint of abdominal pain and
diarrhea. The nurse takes the client’s vital signs hereafter. What phase of nursing process
is being implemented here by the nurse?
A. Assessment
B. Diagnosis
C. Planning
D. Implementation
Correct Answer: A. Assessment
Explanation: Taking vital signs is part of the assessment phase, where the nurse collects data to
understand the client’s health status.
9. It is best described as a systematic, rational method of planning and providing nursing
care for individuals, families, groups, and communities.
A. Assessment
B. Nursing Process
C. Diagnosis
D. Implementation
Correct Answer: B. Nursing Process
Explanation: The nursing process is a systematic, five-step method (assessment, diagnosis,
planning, implementation, evaluation) for delivering client-centered care.
10. Exchange of gases takes place in which of the following organs?
A. Kidney
B. Lungs
C. Liver
D. Heart
Correct Answer: B. Lungs
Explanation: Gas exchange (oxygen and carbon dioxide) occurs in the alveoli of the lungs
during respiration.
, 11. The chamber of the heart that receives oxygenated blood from the lungs is the?
A. Left atrium
B. Right atrium
C. Left ventricle
D. Right ventricle
Correct Answer: A. Left atrium
Explanation: The left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs via the pulmonary veins.
12. A muscular enlarged pouch or sac that lies slightly to the left which is used for
temporary storage of food…
A. Gallbladder
B. Urinary bladder
C. Stomach
D. Lungs
Correct Answer: C. Stomach
Explanation: The stomach is a muscular organ that temporarily stores food during digestion and
is located slightly to the left in the abdominal cavity.
13. The ability of the body to defend itself against scientific invading agents such as
bacteria, toxins, viruses, and foreign bodies.
A. Hormones
B. Secretion
C. Immunity
D. Glands
Correct Answer: C. Immunity
Explanation: Immunity refers to the body’s ability to protect itself from pathogens and foreign
substances.
14. Hormones secreted by Islets of Langerhans
A. Progesterone
B. Testosterone
C. Insulin
D. Hemoglobin
Correct Answer: C. Insulin
Explanation: The Islets of Langerhans in the pancreas secrete insulin, which regulates blood
sugar levels.
