MIDTERM EXAM: NR507
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY CHAMBERLAIN,
2025/2026 WITH CORRECT/ACCURATE
ANSWERS
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC) - CORRECT ANSWERS- -
Measure of the average concentration of hemoglobin inside a single red blood
cell.
- Normal (normochromic anemia): aplastic anemia, post-hemorrhagic anemia,
hemolytic anemia.
- Low (hypochromic): iron deficiency anemia, sideroblastic anemia, thalassemia.
- High (hyperchromic): hereditary spherocytosis, liver disease, hyperthyroidism,
sickle cell disease.
Iron Deficiency Anemia - CORRECT ANSWERS- - Microcytic & hypochromic
- Caused by disorders of hemoglobin synthesis
- Lab: ferritin (reflects the body's total iron stores -> low reflects anemia, but does
not tell you what type)
Increased ____ ________ ______ is one of the earliest lab markers in developing
macrocytic anemia. - CORRECT ANSWERS- RBC distribution width (RDW)
, Folate Deficiency - CORRECT ANSWERS- - Megaloblastic anemia
- Alcoholism, malnutrition
- Lab values: folate (low), MCV (high- macrocytic), MCHC (normal-
normochromic), reticulocyte (normal or high), serum iron (normal or low).
Vitamin B-12 Deficiency - CORRECT ANSWERS- - Pernicious anemia
- S/S: fatigue, dyspnea, peripheral neuropathy (numbness & tingling) in bilateral
lower extremities (BLE)
- Risk factor: older adults, H. Pylori infection, d/o affecting b-12 absorption,
vegetarian/vegan
- Lab values: low B-12, high MCV (macrocytic), normal MCHC (normochromic), low
reticulocyte, and normal or high iron
Hemolytic Anemia - CORRECT ANSWERS- - Destruction/lysis of red blood cells.
- Causes: transfusion reaction (cytotoxic type 2), autoimmune reaction, drug-
induced (allergic reaction)
Acute blood loss anemia - CORRECT ANSWERS- - Trauma victims who are losing
blood
Aplastic Anemia - CORRECT ANSWERS- - Characterized by an absence of all
formed blood elements caused by the failure of blood cell production in the bone
marrow.
- Diagnosis is made by blood tests and bone marrow biopsy.
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY CHAMBERLAIN,
2025/2026 WITH CORRECT/ACCURATE
ANSWERS
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC) - CORRECT ANSWERS- -
Measure of the average concentration of hemoglobin inside a single red blood
cell.
- Normal (normochromic anemia): aplastic anemia, post-hemorrhagic anemia,
hemolytic anemia.
- Low (hypochromic): iron deficiency anemia, sideroblastic anemia, thalassemia.
- High (hyperchromic): hereditary spherocytosis, liver disease, hyperthyroidism,
sickle cell disease.
Iron Deficiency Anemia - CORRECT ANSWERS- - Microcytic & hypochromic
- Caused by disorders of hemoglobin synthesis
- Lab: ferritin (reflects the body's total iron stores -> low reflects anemia, but does
not tell you what type)
Increased ____ ________ ______ is one of the earliest lab markers in developing
macrocytic anemia. - CORRECT ANSWERS- RBC distribution width (RDW)
, Folate Deficiency - CORRECT ANSWERS- - Megaloblastic anemia
- Alcoholism, malnutrition
- Lab values: folate (low), MCV (high- macrocytic), MCHC (normal-
normochromic), reticulocyte (normal or high), serum iron (normal or low).
Vitamin B-12 Deficiency - CORRECT ANSWERS- - Pernicious anemia
- S/S: fatigue, dyspnea, peripheral neuropathy (numbness & tingling) in bilateral
lower extremities (BLE)
- Risk factor: older adults, H. Pylori infection, d/o affecting b-12 absorption,
vegetarian/vegan
- Lab values: low B-12, high MCV (macrocytic), normal MCHC (normochromic), low
reticulocyte, and normal or high iron
Hemolytic Anemia - CORRECT ANSWERS- - Destruction/lysis of red blood cells.
- Causes: transfusion reaction (cytotoxic type 2), autoimmune reaction, drug-
induced (allergic reaction)
Acute blood loss anemia - CORRECT ANSWERS- - Trauma victims who are losing
blood
Aplastic Anemia - CORRECT ANSWERS- - Characterized by an absence of all
formed blood elements caused by the failure of blood cell production in the bone
marrow.
- Diagnosis is made by blood tests and bone marrow biopsy.
