Praxis 5005 - Earth Science
Minerals - answer Naturally occurring, inorganic crystalline solids with specific chemical
composition
Form from a liquid solution; Crystallization
90% of earth's minerals are silicates - combination of silicon and oxygen
Crystallization - answer Two Processes: Evaporation and Metamorphosis
Metamorphosis - answer The changing of existing minerals into a different mineral
because of extreme pressure or heat
Rocks - answer3 Types: Igneous, Metamorphic, Sedimentary
Igneous rocks - answer formed when magma or lava cools and crystallizes (hardens).
Can be changed into Metamorphic or Sedimentary rock
2 Classifications - Intrusive (Plutonic) and Extrusive (Volcanic)
ex. basalt, obsidian, and granite
Sedimentary - answerrocks formed when tiny grains of material are pressed together
over long period of time and joined loosely in a process called LITHIFICATION.
3 Classifications - Chemical, Clastic, Biologic
ex. chalk, limestone, sandstone
Metamorphic rocks - answerformed under surface of the earth from the change that
occurs due to intense heat and pressure (squeezing).
-changes chemically/structurally
2 Classifications - Foliated (minerals are flatted or aligned into sheets) and Non-foliated
ex. marble, slate, quartzite, schist
3 Rock types can be divided further: - answerComposition and Texture
Regolith - answerearth's outer weathered crust
Inner Core - answersolid metal ball in center of earth 750 miles thick.
LAYERS OF THE EARTH - 3 Composition Zones - CMC - answerCrust, Mantle, Core
Crust - answerouter shell of earth, 20-60 miles thick
2 Types - Basaltic (ocean floor) and Granite
Mantle - answerout side outer layer. solid rock 2800 km thick.
, Core - answerComposed of Iron and Nickle; 7000 km thick
Convection - answermovement of liquefied rock towards the surface, and cooler rocks
inward
5 Structural Zones - LAMoiC - answerLithosphere, Asthenosphere, Mesosphere, Outer
Core, Inner Core
Lithosphere - answersolid area directly below crust consisting of crust and upper layer
of mantle
Asthenosphere - answerlayer surrounding Mantle of molten rock (weak); moves b/c of
convection currents. The movem't of Lithosphere and Asthenosphere moves continental
plates.
Mesosphere - answerlargest zone; Transfers heat from core to power the process of
convection
Outer Core - answerlayer outside inner core 1400 miles thick of molten (liquid) rock;
responsible for earth's magnetic field
Inner Core - answerSolid, dense, very hot mixture of iron and nickel
plate tectonics - answersurface of earth made up of ridged plates that move relative to
each other. Usually lithospheric plates
continental crust - answerharder land crust
oceanic crust - answerthinner crust on bottom of ocean (ocean floor)
Isostacy - answerDescribes buoyancy of crust types
3 types of tectonic boundaries - answer1.) convergent boundaries
2.) divergent boundaries
3.) transform boundaries (slide past)
subduction - answertype of convergent boundary when one plate moves under another
plate and sinks into the mantle. Subducted lithosphere is always oceanic.
ex. Mariana Trench in North Pacific Ocean
Transform Fault - answerare formed perpendicular to the movemt of two divergent
tectonic plates
Folding - answerAnticlines - rock layers folded into an arch
Syclines - folded layers that sag to form a trough
Minerals - answer Naturally occurring, inorganic crystalline solids with specific chemical
composition
Form from a liquid solution; Crystallization
90% of earth's minerals are silicates - combination of silicon and oxygen
Crystallization - answer Two Processes: Evaporation and Metamorphosis
Metamorphosis - answer The changing of existing minerals into a different mineral
because of extreme pressure or heat
Rocks - answer3 Types: Igneous, Metamorphic, Sedimentary
Igneous rocks - answer formed when magma or lava cools and crystallizes (hardens).
Can be changed into Metamorphic or Sedimentary rock
2 Classifications - Intrusive (Plutonic) and Extrusive (Volcanic)
ex. basalt, obsidian, and granite
Sedimentary - answerrocks formed when tiny grains of material are pressed together
over long period of time and joined loosely in a process called LITHIFICATION.
3 Classifications - Chemical, Clastic, Biologic
ex. chalk, limestone, sandstone
Metamorphic rocks - answerformed under surface of the earth from the change that
occurs due to intense heat and pressure (squeezing).
-changes chemically/structurally
2 Classifications - Foliated (minerals are flatted or aligned into sheets) and Non-foliated
ex. marble, slate, quartzite, schist
3 Rock types can be divided further: - answerComposition and Texture
Regolith - answerearth's outer weathered crust
Inner Core - answersolid metal ball in center of earth 750 miles thick.
LAYERS OF THE EARTH - 3 Composition Zones - CMC - answerCrust, Mantle, Core
Crust - answerouter shell of earth, 20-60 miles thick
2 Types - Basaltic (ocean floor) and Granite
Mantle - answerout side outer layer. solid rock 2800 km thick.
, Core - answerComposed of Iron and Nickle; 7000 km thick
Convection - answermovement of liquefied rock towards the surface, and cooler rocks
inward
5 Structural Zones - LAMoiC - answerLithosphere, Asthenosphere, Mesosphere, Outer
Core, Inner Core
Lithosphere - answersolid area directly below crust consisting of crust and upper layer
of mantle
Asthenosphere - answerlayer surrounding Mantle of molten rock (weak); moves b/c of
convection currents. The movem't of Lithosphere and Asthenosphere moves continental
plates.
Mesosphere - answerlargest zone; Transfers heat from core to power the process of
convection
Outer Core - answerlayer outside inner core 1400 miles thick of molten (liquid) rock;
responsible for earth's magnetic field
Inner Core - answerSolid, dense, very hot mixture of iron and nickel
plate tectonics - answersurface of earth made up of ridged plates that move relative to
each other. Usually lithospheric plates
continental crust - answerharder land crust
oceanic crust - answerthinner crust on bottom of ocean (ocean floor)
Isostacy - answerDescribes buoyancy of crust types
3 types of tectonic boundaries - answer1.) convergent boundaries
2.) divergent boundaries
3.) transform boundaries (slide past)
subduction - answertype of convergent boundary when one plate moves under another
plate and sinks into the mantle. Subducted lithosphere is always oceanic.
ex. Mariana Trench in North Pacific Ocean
Transform Fault - answerare formed perpendicular to the movemt of two divergent
tectonic plates
Folding - answerAnticlines - rock layers folded into an arch
Syclines - folded layers that sag to form a trough
