Portage Learning / BIOD 121 Case Study Module 4

Heme iron - ANS-- iron found in animal flesh in the form of hemoglobin or myoglobin Nonheme iron - ANS-- elemental iron Which form of iron is more readily absorbed by the body? - ANS-- heme iron What 2 hormones help prevent dehydration? - ANS-- antidiuretic hormone and aldosterone antidiuretic hormone (ADH) - ANS-- released by the pituitary gland to signal the kidney to conserve water aldosterone - ANS-- released from the adrenal glands signaling the kidney to retain sodium also leads to water retention What is bioavailability? - ANS-- the degree to which a nutrient is absorbed and available to be used by the body When water moves from inside the cell to outside the cell it does so by which process? - ANS-- osmosis An antioxidant found in cell membranes that decreases the risk for cancer and cell damage is _____________. - ANS-- vitamin E What can be done to help the body absorb more iron? - ANS-- combining nonheme iron with heme iron or vitamin C non heme iron can aid in absorption It is important for women who may be pregnant or who are planning on becoming pregnant to discuss their folate intake with their doctor. Why or why not? - ANS-- in pregnant women a deficiency of folate can result in neural tube defects When water is inside of a cell it is part of the ________________ fluid. - ANS-- intracellular list the four major functions of vitamin C: - ANS-- - collagen synthesis - antioxidant activity - assisting in iron absorption - boosting immune functions What are the two main classes of minerals? - ANS-- major minerals and trace minerals define major minerals: - ANS-- minerals which are needed in amounts greater than 100 mg/day define trace minerals: - ANS-- minerals which are needed in amounts less than 100 mg/day What are the 8 B vitamins? - ANS-- thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic acid, biotin, vitamin B-6 (pyridocine), folate, and vitamin B-12 What six ions are listed as being responsible for your body's water balance? - ANS-- sodium, potassium, chloride, phosphate, magnesium, and calcium Plant pigments that play an important role in preventing cardiovascular disease: - ANS-- carotenoids when water is outside of a cell it is part of the _______________ fluid - ANS-- extracellular night blindness is an early sign of a deficiency of the vitamin: _____________ - ANS-- Vitamin A This vitamin can be produced by the body: - ANS-- Vitamin D, Vitamin K, and Vitamin A