UTA FOUNDATIONS EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Anaerobic bacteria - ANSWER-bacteria that do not require oxygen to survive
Organisms Potential to Produce Disease - ANSWER-Number of organisms (the
more the better)
Virulence (ability to produce disease
Competence of person's immune system
Length/intimacy of contact between person and organism (colonization=long contact)
epidemic disease - ANSWER-disease acquired by many hosts in a given area in a
short time
endemic disease - ANSWER-disease constantly present in a population, can appear
in different geographic locations
Transmission of causative agent - ANSWER-Direct contact
Indirect contact
Vector- living creature
Fomite- equipment or countertops
Droplet transmission
airborne transmission (less than 5 mcm)
Lyme disease - ANSWER-Tick-borne disease caused by the spirochete Borrelia
burgdorferi.
E. coli infection - ANSWER-dangerous strain of Escherichia coli that produces toxins
that can severely damage the intestinal lining, resulting in bloody diarrhea
Hepatitis B virus - ANSWER-virus that causes inflammation of the liver; transmitted
through any body fluid, including vaginal secretions, semen, and blood
Tuberculosis - ANSWER-An infectious disease that may affect almost all tissues of
the body, especially the lungs
diarrheal illness - ANSWER-Direct/indirect contact with salmonella
Staphlococcus aureus - ANSWER-can cause:
skin infection
respiratory infection
endocarditis
osteomyelitis
bacteremia
Stages of infection - ANSWER-Incubation period- growing and multiplication of
organisms
Prodromal stage- most infectious stage, very little symptoms
, Full stage of illness- symptoms present
Convalescent period- recovery period
inflammatory response - ANSWER-nonspecific defense reaction to tissue damage
caused by injury or infection
stages of inflammatory response - ANSWER--not specific
1) Mast cells near site of injury release histamine, while macrophages release
cytokines
2) Cytokines and histamines increase blood flow to area of infection and make blood
vessels more permeable
3) Neutrophils migrate to site of injury, digesting pathogens
immune response - ANSWER-the body's specific recognition, response, and
memory to a pathogen attack
Key Teaching Older Adult: Pulmonary infection - ANSWER-sit while eating and
drinking
drink lots of fluid
cough and deep breath
vaccinations
Key Teaching Older adult: UTI - ANSWER-Void at regular intervals and after sexual
intercourse
drink plenty of fluids
use of incontinence pads prn
Key Teaching Older adult: Skin infections - ANSWER-good hygiene practices
apply lotion
assess skin integrity
normal white blood cell count - ANSWER-5,000-10,000
Neutrophils- 60-70%, may be increased due to acute infection and stress, decreased
due to bacterial infection,
Lymphocytes- 20-40%, increased due to chronic bacterial and viral infections
Monocytes- 2-8%, increased due to severe infections (phagocytic)
Eosinophil- 1-4%, increased due to allergic rxn and parasitic infection
Basophil- 0.5-1%, not affected by infections
Signs of systemic infection - ANSWER--fever
-increased pulse and respiratory rate if the fever is high
-malaise and loss of energy
-anorexia and, in some situations, nausea and vomiting
-enlargement and tenderness of lymph nodes that drain the area of infection
medical asepsis - ANSWER-practices used to remove or destroy pathogens and to
prevent their spread from one person or place to another person or place; clean
technique
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Anaerobic bacteria - ANSWER-bacteria that do not require oxygen to survive
Organisms Potential to Produce Disease - ANSWER-Number of organisms (the
more the better)
Virulence (ability to produce disease
Competence of person's immune system
Length/intimacy of contact between person and organism (colonization=long contact)
epidemic disease - ANSWER-disease acquired by many hosts in a given area in a
short time
endemic disease - ANSWER-disease constantly present in a population, can appear
in different geographic locations
Transmission of causative agent - ANSWER-Direct contact
Indirect contact
Vector- living creature
Fomite- equipment or countertops
Droplet transmission
airborne transmission (less than 5 mcm)
Lyme disease - ANSWER-Tick-borne disease caused by the spirochete Borrelia
burgdorferi.
E. coli infection - ANSWER-dangerous strain of Escherichia coli that produces toxins
that can severely damage the intestinal lining, resulting in bloody diarrhea
Hepatitis B virus - ANSWER-virus that causes inflammation of the liver; transmitted
through any body fluid, including vaginal secretions, semen, and blood
Tuberculosis - ANSWER-An infectious disease that may affect almost all tissues of
the body, especially the lungs
diarrheal illness - ANSWER-Direct/indirect contact with salmonella
Staphlococcus aureus - ANSWER-can cause:
skin infection
respiratory infection
endocarditis
osteomyelitis
bacteremia
Stages of infection - ANSWER-Incubation period- growing and multiplication of
organisms
Prodromal stage- most infectious stage, very little symptoms
, Full stage of illness- symptoms present
Convalescent period- recovery period
inflammatory response - ANSWER-nonspecific defense reaction to tissue damage
caused by injury or infection
stages of inflammatory response - ANSWER--not specific
1) Mast cells near site of injury release histamine, while macrophages release
cytokines
2) Cytokines and histamines increase blood flow to area of infection and make blood
vessels more permeable
3) Neutrophils migrate to site of injury, digesting pathogens
immune response - ANSWER-the body's specific recognition, response, and
memory to a pathogen attack
Key Teaching Older Adult: Pulmonary infection - ANSWER-sit while eating and
drinking
drink lots of fluid
cough and deep breath
vaccinations
Key Teaching Older adult: UTI - ANSWER-Void at regular intervals and after sexual
intercourse
drink plenty of fluids
use of incontinence pads prn
Key Teaching Older adult: Skin infections - ANSWER-good hygiene practices
apply lotion
assess skin integrity
normal white blood cell count - ANSWER-5,000-10,000
Neutrophils- 60-70%, may be increased due to acute infection and stress, decreased
due to bacterial infection,
Lymphocytes- 20-40%, increased due to chronic bacterial and viral infections
Monocytes- 2-8%, increased due to severe infections (phagocytic)
Eosinophil- 1-4%, increased due to allergic rxn and parasitic infection
Basophil- 0.5-1%, not affected by infections
Signs of systemic infection - ANSWER--fever
-increased pulse and respiratory rate if the fever is high
-malaise and loss of energy
-anorexia and, in some situations, nausea and vomiting
-enlargement and tenderness of lymph nodes that drain the area of infection
medical asepsis - ANSWER-practices used to remove or destroy pathogens and to
prevent their spread from one person or place to another person or place; clean
technique
