AIS Midterm Review (Chap 1,2,4,19) Questions and Answers Fully Solved Latest Version 2025-2026
data processing cycle - Answers1. data input
2. data storage
3. data processing
4. information output
Data Input Steps - Answers1. Capture transaction data and enter them into the systems
2. Ensure captured data are accurate and complete.
3. Ensure company policies are followed (e.g., approval of transaction).
Four major types of coding techniques of data storage - Answers1. Sequence codes
2. Block codes
3. Mnemonic codes
4. Group codes
A general journal is used to record: - AnswersNon-routine transactions, such as loan payments
End-of-period adjusting entries and closing entries
specialized journal - Answersused to record routine and repetitive transactions
The most common are: Credit sales and Credit purchases
audit trail（审计跟踪） - Answersexists when there is sufficient documentation to allow the tracing of a
transaction from beginning to end or from the end back to the beginning.
what enables the tracing of transactions through the journals and ledgers and therefore facilitates the
audit trail. - Answersposting references and document numbers
entity - Answerssomething about which information is stored
Attributes - Answerscharacteristics of interest with respect to the entity
field - Answersis the physical space where an attribute is stored.
record - Answersthe set of attributes stored for a particular instance of an entity
data value - Answersthe intersection of the row and column
file (or entity) - Answersa group of related records
, master file - Answersa file that stores cumulative information about an organization's entities.
transaction file - Answersa file that contains records of individual transactions (events) that occur during
a fiscal period
master file is conceptually similar to a ledger: - Answers- The file is permanent
- The file exists across fiscal periods
- Changes are made to the file to reflect the effects of new transactions.
Transaction file is conceptually similar to a journal: - Answers- The files are temporary
- The files are usually maintained for one fiscal period
Four different types of data processing: - Answerscreating, reading, updating, deleting
Batch processing(批量处理): - Answers- Source documents are grouped into batches.
- Periodically, the batches are entered into the computer system and processed.
- The master file is updated and output is printed or displayed.
online, real-time processing - Answers- Transactions are entered into a computer system as they occur.
- The master file is immediately updated with the data from the transaction.
- Output is printed or displayed.
Query - Answersa key feature in database application software (e.g. MS ACCESS).
Big data - AnswersSignificant growth of data from different sources
4V of Big data - AnswersVolume
Variety
Velocity
Veracity
Why big data important? - Answersbecause the information generated after processing can reveal
customer behavior, financial market activity, weather patterns, or other phenomena.
Advantages of ERP Systems - Answers1. Provides an integrated, enterprise-wide, single view of the
organization's data and financial situation.
2. Data input is captured once rather than multiple times.
data processing cycle - Answers1. data input
2. data storage
3. data processing
4. information output
Data Input Steps - Answers1. Capture transaction data and enter them into the systems
2. Ensure captured data are accurate and complete.
3. Ensure company policies are followed (e.g., approval of transaction).
Four major types of coding techniques of data storage - Answers1. Sequence codes
2. Block codes
3. Mnemonic codes
4. Group codes
A general journal is used to record: - AnswersNon-routine transactions, such as loan payments
End-of-period adjusting entries and closing entries
specialized journal - Answersused to record routine and repetitive transactions
The most common are: Credit sales and Credit purchases
audit trail（审计跟踪） - Answersexists when there is sufficient documentation to allow the tracing of a
transaction from beginning to end or from the end back to the beginning.
what enables the tracing of transactions through the journals and ledgers and therefore facilitates the
audit trail. - Answersposting references and document numbers
entity - Answerssomething about which information is stored
Attributes - Answerscharacteristics of interest with respect to the entity
field - Answersis the physical space where an attribute is stored.
record - Answersthe set of attributes stored for a particular instance of an entity
data value - Answersthe intersection of the row and column
file (or entity) - Answersa group of related records
, master file - Answersa file that stores cumulative information about an organization's entities.
transaction file - Answersa file that contains records of individual transactions (events) that occur during
a fiscal period
master file is conceptually similar to a ledger: - Answers- The file is permanent
- The file exists across fiscal periods
- Changes are made to the file to reflect the effects of new transactions.
Transaction file is conceptually similar to a journal: - Answers- The files are temporary
- The files are usually maintained for one fiscal period
Four different types of data processing: - Answerscreating, reading, updating, deleting
Batch processing(批量处理): - Answers- Source documents are grouped into batches.
- Periodically, the batches are entered into the computer system and processed.
- The master file is updated and output is printed or displayed.
online, real-time processing - Answers- Transactions are entered into a computer system as they occur.
- The master file is immediately updated with the data from the transaction.
- Output is printed or displayed.
Query - Answersa key feature in database application software (e.g. MS ACCESS).
Big data - AnswersSignificant growth of data from different sources
4V of Big data - AnswersVolume
Variety
Velocity
Veracity
Why big data important? - Answersbecause the information generated after processing can reveal
customer behavior, financial market activity, weather patterns, or other phenomena.
Advantages of ERP Systems - Answers1. Provides an integrated, enterprise-wide, single view of the
organization's data and financial situation.
2. Data input is captured once rather than multiple times.
