PSY-352 TEST 2|QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
Pain management (Ch. 9) - ANS- ✔✔Physiological Treatments: -Chemical
-Acupuncture
-Surgical
-Heat and cold
-Vibrations
Psychological Treatments
-Placebo effect
-Psychological state & cognitive style
-Distraction
-Hypnosis
-General cognitive methods (biofeedback, relaxation, guided imagery and meditation)
Self-Management of Chronic Pain
-The patient with chronic pain is the one with the major responsibility for making change rather then the
doctor.
-Psychological change is emphasized over medications.
-Less use of physical procedures and medications
How doctors are getting patients to manage their pain (Ch. 9) - ANS- ✔✔There are three main
categories of pain management techniques. The entire list
is summarized in Table 9.2. The use of each of these will depend on the duration
of the pain, the tolerance levels of individuals, and their pain thresholds.
How acupuncture works (Ch. 9) - ANS- ✔✔The acupuncturist
, inserts fine metal needles into the skin at predetermined points. These points,
charted from the work of Chinese physicians over centuries, are thought to stimulate
energy flow. Disruptions in energy flow can cause pain. Western biomedicine
interprets the effectiveness of acupuncture as being due to the needles
stimulating large fibers that close the gate. Acupuncture can produce such high
levels of analgesia that even entire surgical procedures in China have been performed
without the use of anesthetics. Not only has acupuncture been empirically
shown to reduce pain, but also it does so without the side effects of many
other medications
Gate theory of pain and how it works (Ch. 9) - ANS- ✔✔gate control theory (GCT) of pain, this model
proposed that the bulk of the
action takes place in the dorsal horn substantia gelatinosa of the spinal cord
and is influenced by the brain. Pain receptors on the surface of our bodies (e.g., on our feet) are
connected to the brain via
A and C fibers, interneurons, and the spinal cord.
Positive sign (þ) signify activation.
Negative sign () signify deactivation.
Ethnic sensitivity to pain (Ch. 9) - ANS- ✔✔Ethnic pain differences take the form of:
(1) When pain should be expressed.
(2) How pain should be expressed (verbally and behaviorally).
(3) What the expression of the pain signifies about the individual
(4) How long the pain should be expressed. -African Americans show a greater sensitivity to
experimental pain stimuli compared with European Americans
Cultural variations of pain (Ch. 9) - ANS- ✔✔Cultural variations are due to differences in socialization
and expectations across different cultural groups.
-These two factors stand out more than other factors:
(1)Sex differences: biological, psychological and
ANSWERS
Pain management (Ch. 9) - ANS- ✔✔Physiological Treatments: -Chemical
-Acupuncture
-Surgical
-Heat and cold
-Vibrations
Psychological Treatments
-Placebo effect
-Psychological state & cognitive style
-Distraction
-Hypnosis
-General cognitive methods (biofeedback, relaxation, guided imagery and meditation)
Self-Management of Chronic Pain
-The patient with chronic pain is the one with the major responsibility for making change rather then the
doctor.
-Psychological change is emphasized over medications.
-Less use of physical procedures and medications
How doctors are getting patients to manage their pain (Ch. 9) - ANS- ✔✔There are three main
categories of pain management techniques. The entire list
is summarized in Table 9.2. The use of each of these will depend on the duration
of the pain, the tolerance levels of individuals, and their pain thresholds.
How acupuncture works (Ch. 9) - ANS- ✔✔The acupuncturist
, inserts fine metal needles into the skin at predetermined points. These points,
charted from the work of Chinese physicians over centuries, are thought to stimulate
energy flow. Disruptions in energy flow can cause pain. Western biomedicine
interprets the effectiveness of acupuncture as being due to the needles
stimulating large fibers that close the gate. Acupuncture can produce such high
levels of analgesia that even entire surgical procedures in China have been performed
without the use of anesthetics. Not only has acupuncture been empirically
shown to reduce pain, but also it does so without the side effects of many
other medications
Gate theory of pain and how it works (Ch. 9) - ANS- ✔✔gate control theory (GCT) of pain, this model
proposed that the bulk of the
action takes place in the dorsal horn substantia gelatinosa of the spinal cord
and is influenced by the brain. Pain receptors on the surface of our bodies (e.g., on our feet) are
connected to the brain via
A and C fibers, interneurons, and the spinal cord.
Positive sign (þ) signify activation.
Negative sign () signify deactivation.
Ethnic sensitivity to pain (Ch. 9) - ANS- ✔✔Ethnic pain differences take the form of:
(1) When pain should be expressed.
(2) How pain should be expressed (verbally and behaviorally).
(3) What the expression of the pain signifies about the individual
(4) How long the pain should be expressed. -African Americans show a greater sensitivity to
experimental pain stimuli compared with European Americans
Cultural variations of pain (Ch. 9) - ANS- ✔✔Cultural variations are due to differences in socialization
and expectations across different cultural groups.
-These two factors stand out more than other factors:
(1)Sex differences: biological, psychological and
