NURS 642 Exam 4 2025/2026 Exam
Questions with Detailed Verified
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Already Graded A+
pulmonary tuberculosis phases - Intensive phase (< 8wks)• Continuation Phase
(4mo after)•
Latent Phase (6-9mo)
pulmonary tuberculosis 4 medications of treatment during the intensive phase -
•Pyrazinamide, Rifampin,
Isoniazid,
Ethambutol
Medications during the continuation phase of TB - INH AND RIFAMPIN
LATENT PHASE TB MEDICATIONS - •INH x 9mo: daily or twice weekly
•INH x 6mo: daily or twice weekly
,•INH + RIF x 3mo once weekly
•RIF x 4 months daily
Active Infection must be R/O BY - Negative Sputum cx q8h x 3•
IF acid-fast bacillus(AFB)/Mycobacterium TB (Mtb) - Limit high risk visitors
TB Symptoms: - Cough > 3wks (hemoptysis), Night sweats, Fever, Pleuritic CP
Elderly: Most likely non-specific
TB DAIGNOSIS - •Rapid Diagnosis: MTB/RIF Assay (Checks Mtb and rifampin
resistance)
•CXR (Mainstay)
Findings (Rarely Normal): Active lesions vs. scarring of past infection
•PPD (Assesses does NOT diagnose): Often negative <8-10 wks
PPD SKIN TEST - Often negative <8-10 wks
•Cut-Offs: 48 - 72 hr after administration (Induration)
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,•15 mm: those without risk factors
•10 mm: "healthy" with risk factors (such as healthcare workers, foreign-born
persons)
•5 mm: household contact, CXR suspicious, and immunocompromised
pleural effusion - abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural space
Breast and lung cancer: 50% may develop pleural effusions (poor prognosis)
TRANSUDATIVE PLEURAL EFFUSION - Systemic causes: CHF, nephrotic sx,
cirrhosis:
No pulm dz (HF ~90%)
Aspiration fluid: Similar glucose to serum and low WBC (<1000)
HF = Diuretics
Exudative pleural effusion - Pulm dz, infection (Malignancy ~50%)
Aspiration fluid: High Protein & LDH on (exudes proteins)
PLEURAL EFFUSION DIAGNOSIS - Once *blunting of the costovertebral
angles* (which requires at least 250cc) is seen the diagnosis is made.
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, CXR (Upright PA & Lateral - 175mL to visualize)
High Suspicion and <175mL = Lateral Decubitus (75mL)
HUMAN INFLUENZA - PRIMARILY B AND C - START ANTIVIRALS ASAP
STATIN INITIATION - •Do not: initiate if K > 5.5, combine with ARB, pregnant
•ACC/AHA Guidelines:
1. Patients with any form of clinical ASCVD
2. Patients with primary LDL >/= 190 (ASCVD)
3. Patients with DM, 40-7yo w/ LDL 70 to 189
4. Patients w/o DM, 40-75yo w/ estimated 10-year ASCVD risk ≥ 7.5%
HTN, PRIMARY - (95%): No one identifiable cause (Genetic or lifestyle)
OSA, High Na diet, ETOH, Smoking, NSAIDs
HTN, SECONDARY - Something is Causing (Cushings)
•High Suspicion Age < 50
HTN TREATMENT - < 55Y/O
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STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
Questions with Detailed Verified
Answers (100% Correct Answers) |
Already Graded A+
pulmonary tuberculosis phases - Intensive phase (< 8wks)• Continuation Phase
(4mo after)•
Latent Phase (6-9mo)
pulmonary tuberculosis 4 medications of treatment during the intensive phase -
•Pyrazinamide, Rifampin,
Isoniazid,
Ethambutol
Medications during the continuation phase of TB - INH AND RIFAMPIN
LATENT PHASE TB MEDICATIONS - •INH x 9mo: daily or twice weekly
•INH x 6mo: daily or twice weekly
,•INH + RIF x 3mo once weekly
•RIF x 4 months daily
Active Infection must be R/O BY - Negative Sputum cx q8h x 3•
IF acid-fast bacillus(AFB)/Mycobacterium TB (Mtb) - Limit high risk visitors
TB Symptoms: - Cough > 3wks (hemoptysis), Night sweats, Fever, Pleuritic CP
Elderly: Most likely non-specific
TB DAIGNOSIS - •Rapid Diagnosis: MTB/RIF Assay (Checks Mtb and rifampin
resistance)
•CXR (Mainstay)
Findings (Rarely Normal): Active lesions vs. scarring of past infection
•PPD (Assesses does NOT diagnose): Often negative <8-10 wks
PPD SKIN TEST - Often negative <8-10 wks
•Cut-Offs: 48 - 72 hr after administration (Induration)
COPYRIGHT©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
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STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
,•15 mm: those without risk factors
•10 mm: "healthy" with risk factors (such as healthcare workers, foreign-born
persons)
•5 mm: household contact, CXR suspicious, and immunocompromised
pleural effusion - abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural space
Breast and lung cancer: 50% may develop pleural effusions (poor prognosis)
TRANSUDATIVE PLEURAL EFFUSION - Systemic causes: CHF, nephrotic sx,
cirrhosis:
No pulm dz (HF ~90%)
Aspiration fluid: Similar glucose to serum and low WBC (<1000)
HF = Diuretics
Exudative pleural effusion - Pulm dz, infection (Malignancy ~50%)
Aspiration fluid: High Protein & LDH on (exudes proteins)
PLEURAL EFFUSION DIAGNOSIS - Once *blunting of the costovertebral
angles* (which requires at least 250cc) is seen the diagnosis is made.
COPYRIGHT©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
3
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
, CXR (Upright PA & Lateral - 175mL to visualize)
High Suspicion and <175mL = Lateral Decubitus (75mL)
HUMAN INFLUENZA - PRIMARILY B AND C - START ANTIVIRALS ASAP
STATIN INITIATION - •Do not: initiate if K > 5.5, combine with ARB, pregnant
•ACC/AHA Guidelines:
1. Patients with any form of clinical ASCVD
2. Patients with primary LDL >/= 190 (ASCVD)
3. Patients with DM, 40-7yo w/ LDL 70 to 189
4. Patients w/o DM, 40-75yo w/ estimated 10-year ASCVD risk ≥ 7.5%
HTN, PRIMARY - (95%): No one identifiable cause (Genetic or lifestyle)
OSA, High Na diet, ETOH, Smoking, NSAIDs
HTN, SECONDARY - Something is Causing (Cushings)
•High Suspicion Age < 50
HTN TREATMENT - < 55Y/O
COPYRIGHT©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
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STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
