NSCA-CSCS Exam Chapter 1 and
Answers
A-Band - ANSWER-overlapping actin and myosin
acetylcholine - ANSWER-Arrival of the action potential at the nerve terminal causes
release of a neurotransmitter, ______, which diffuses across the neuromuscular
junction. Once a sufficient amount is released, an action potential is generated across
the sarcolemma, and the (muscle)fiber contracts.
Actin - ANSWER-Show up lighter under a microscope. Thin Filaments. In I band and A
band. Contains myosin binding site
Actin and Myosin - ANSWER-contractile proteins in muscle
Action potential - ANSWER-the change in electrical potential associated with the
passage of an impulse along the membrane of a muscle cell or nerve cell.
All-or-none Principle - ANSWER-the strength by which a nerve or muscle fiber responds
to a stimulus is independent of the strength of the stimulus. If the stimulus exceeds the
threshold potential, the nerve or muscle fiber will give a complete response; otherwise,
there is no response.
Alveolar Pressure - ANSWER-the pressure in centimeters of water pressure (cmH2O)
held within the alveoli of the lungs during inspiration. The pressure value is the
difference from atmospheric pressure, which is considered zero when establishing the
value.
Alveoli - ANSWER-where gases are exchanged in respiration.
Aortic Valve - ANSWER-prevents backflow from the aorta into the ventricles during
ventricular relaxation (diastole)
Arterial System - ANSWER-Carries blood away from the heart
Arteriole - ANSWER-small branches of arteries that act as control vessels through
which blood enters the capillaries.Play a major role in the regulation of blood flow to the
extremeities.
Artery - ANSWER-Their function is to rapidly transport blood pumped from the heart.
, Atrioventricular (AV) Bundle - ANSWER-conducts the electrical impulse to the ventricles
Atrioventricular (AV) Node - ANSWER-electrical impulses coming from the SA node are
delayed slightly here before passing into the ventricles
Atrioventricular (AV) Valves - ANSWER-consists of the tricuspid and mitral valve and
prevent the flow of blood from the ventricles back into the atria during ventricular
contraction (systole).
Atrium - ANSWER-there are two of these, a right and a left. Their function is to deliver
blood to another chamber of the heart.
Bone Periosteum - ANSWER-a specialized connective tissue covering all bones.
Bradycardia - ANSWER-fewer than 60 beats of the heart per minute
Bronchi - ANSWER-These come after the Trachea in the respiratory system and are
known as second-generation respiratory passages
Bronchiole - ANSWER-These come after the Bronchi in the respiratory system and are
known as an additional generation of respiratory passages
Capillary - ANSWER-their function is to exchange oxygen, nutrients, electrolytes,
hormones, and other substances between the blood and the interstitial fluid in the
various tissues in the body.
Cross-bridge - ANSWER-Globular heads that protrude away from the myosin filament at
regular intervals.
Depolarization - ANSWER-the reversal of the membrane electrical potential, whereby
the normally negative potential inside the membrane becomes slightly positive and the
outside becomes slightly negative
Diastole - ANSWER-Ventricular relaxation
Diffusion - ANSWER-a simple random motion of molecules moving in opposite
directions through the alveolar capillary membrane.
Distal - ANSWER-farther from the trunk
Electrocardiogram (ECG) - ANSWER-a graphic representation of the electrical activity
of the heart that can be recorded at the surface of the body
Endomysium - ANSWER-covers individual muscle fibers
Epimysium - ANSWER-Covers whole muscle
Answers
A-Band - ANSWER-overlapping actin and myosin
acetylcholine - ANSWER-Arrival of the action potential at the nerve terminal causes
release of a neurotransmitter, ______, which diffuses across the neuromuscular
junction. Once a sufficient amount is released, an action potential is generated across
the sarcolemma, and the (muscle)fiber contracts.
Actin - ANSWER-Show up lighter under a microscope. Thin Filaments. In I band and A
band. Contains myosin binding site
Actin and Myosin - ANSWER-contractile proteins in muscle
Action potential - ANSWER-the change in electrical potential associated with the
passage of an impulse along the membrane of a muscle cell or nerve cell.
All-or-none Principle - ANSWER-the strength by which a nerve or muscle fiber responds
to a stimulus is independent of the strength of the stimulus. If the stimulus exceeds the
threshold potential, the nerve or muscle fiber will give a complete response; otherwise,
there is no response.
Alveolar Pressure - ANSWER-the pressure in centimeters of water pressure (cmH2O)
held within the alveoli of the lungs during inspiration. The pressure value is the
difference from atmospheric pressure, which is considered zero when establishing the
value.
Alveoli - ANSWER-where gases are exchanged in respiration.
Aortic Valve - ANSWER-prevents backflow from the aorta into the ventricles during
ventricular relaxation (diastole)
Arterial System - ANSWER-Carries blood away from the heart
Arteriole - ANSWER-small branches of arteries that act as control vessels through
which blood enters the capillaries.Play a major role in the regulation of blood flow to the
extremeities.
Artery - ANSWER-Their function is to rapidly transport blood pumped from the heart.
, Atrioventricular (AV) Bundle - ANSWER-conducts the electrical impulse to the ventricles
Atrioventricular (AV) Node - ANSWER-electrical impulses coming from the SA node are
delayed slightly here before passing into the ventricles
Atrioventricular (AV) Valves - ANSWER-consists of the tricuspid and mitral valve and
prevent the flow of blood from the ventricles back into the atria during ventricular
contraction (systole).
Atrium - ANSWER-there are two of these, a right and a left. Their function is to deliver
blood to another chamber of the heart.
Bone Periosteum - ANSWER-a specialized connective tissue covering all bones.
Bradycardia - ANSWER-fewer than 60 beats of the heart per minute
Bronchi - ANSWER-These come after the Trachea in the respiratory system and are
known as second-generation respiratory passages
Bronchiole - ANSWER-These come after the Bronchi in the respiratory system and are
known as an additional generation of respiratory passages
Capillary - ANSWER-their function is to exchange oxygen, nutrients, electrolytes,
hormones, and other substances between the blood and the interstitial fluid in the
various tissues in the body.
Cross-bridge - ANSWER-Globular heads that protrude away from the myosin filament at
regular intervals.
Depolarization - ANSWER-the reversal of the membrane electrical potential, whereby
the normally negative potential inside the membrane becomes slightly positive and the
outside becomes slightly negative
Diastole - ANSWER-Ventricular relaxation
Diffusion - ANSWER-a simple random motion of molecules moving in opposite
directions through the alveolar capillary membrane.
Distal - ANSWER-farther from the trunk
Electrocardiogram (ECG) - ANSWER-a graphic representation of the electrical activity
of the heart that can be recorded at the surface of the body
Endomysium - ANSWER-covers individual muscle fibers
Epimysium - ANSWER-Covers whole muscle
