UPDaTeD 2025/2026 exam reaL WiTH
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Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) - ANSWER ✔ The last
stage of infection caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV),
which most often results in severe damage to the body's immunse
system
Cross-contamination - ANSWER ✔ The transfer of microorganisms
from one surface to another or from something contaminated to
something clean or sterile
Detergent - ANSWER ✔ A substance that enhances the cleaning action
of water (preferably warm/hot) or another liquid.
Disinfectant - ANSWER ✔ A chemical agent that destroys
microorganisms, but does not necessarily kill all microbial forms on
inanimate objects
,Disinfection - ANSWER ✔ A process that destroys or kills some, but
not all, disease-producing microorganism on an object or surface. (Does
not kill spores)
Gloves - ANSWER ✔ Protective equipment that must be worn to
protect against exposure to blood and other potentially infectious
materials. Disposable gloves are single use that are disposed after each
use. Most popular are made from latex, but hypo-allergenic gloves,
glove liners, powder less gloves, or other alternatives are available for
those allergic
Applicator - ANSWER ✔ A term referring to either single-use and
reusable spatula or similar devices
Antiseptic - ANSWER ✔ A chemical agent that destroys or inhibits
microorganisms on skin or tissue and has an effect of limiting optimally
preventing infection
Autoclave - ANSWER ✔ Equipment used for the sterilization of heat
resistant instruments
Bacteria - ANSWER ✔ Microscopic organisms that are too small to be
visible to the naked eye. They are capable of causing infection when a
person is exposed to them under certain circumstances, such as through
abraded skin (eg. staphylococci, streptococci)
, Bacterial Spores - ANSWER ✔ Some microorganisms are able to
survive in very harsh conditions by enveloping themselves with this
thick wall. They make bacteria highly resistant to killing. If they are
introduced to the body where conditions become more favorable—when
there's more water or more food available—the bacteria "come to life"
again, transforming from a spore back to a vegetative cell that can cause
serious infection. They can be destroyed by sterilization only
Blood borne infections - ANSWER ✔ Infections caused by viruses
found in the blood such as hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus
(HCV), or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
Body Fluids - ANSWER ✔ Fluids normally present in the body such as
blood, mucous, sweat, oil, saliva, urine, ooze from a festering sore, or
tears. They may contain infectious organisms.
Cleaning - ANSWER ✔ Refers to the process of removing blood, other
body fluids, organic material, tissue, and dirt from the surface of an
object by scrubbing with a brush, detergent and water. It greatly reduces
the number of microorganisms (including bacterial endospores) on items
and is a crucial step in processing. If items haven't first been cleaned,
further processing might not be effective.
Contamination - ANSWER ✔ A disinfected or sterile item or surface
that becomes soiled with microorganisms