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NCLEX & ATI – Renal and Urological Nursing Care Exam
Bank | Fluid Balance, Kidney Function & Urinary
Management | Complete Practice Questions with
Answers
Table of Contents
Topic 1: Fluid and Electrolyte Balance in Renal Patients ................................................... 3
Topic 2: Renal Function, Diagnostics, and Disease Monitoring ........................................ 11
Topic 3: Acute and Chronic Kidney Disease Management ............................................... 19
Topic 4: Urinary Disorders and Obstruction Management ............................................... 27
Topic 5: Dialysis Modalities and Nursing Considerations ................................................ 36
Topic 6: Renal Pharmacology and Medication Safety in Kidney Disease ........................... 44
Topic 7: Urinary Tract Infections and Pyelonephritis: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention
.................................................................................................................................. 53
Topic 8: Renal Nutrition, Fluid Restrictions, and Electrolyte Monitoring ........................... 61
Topic 9: Pharmacologic Therapies in Renal and Urological Nursing Care ......................... 70
Topic 10: Patient Education, Safety, and Long-Term Care Planning in Renal and Urological
Nursing ...................................................................................................................... 78
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Topic 1: Fluid and Electrolyte Balance in Renal Patients
(Questions 1–20)
Question 1
A patient with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is at risk for fluid
volume excess. Which of the following assessment findings
is most indicative of this complication?
A. Dry mucous membranes
B. Jugular vein distention
C. Decreased skin turgor
D. Weight loss
Correct Answer: B. Jugular vein distention
Rationale: Jugular vein distention is a classic sign of fluid
volume overload, which is common in CKD due to impaired
fluid excretion.
Question 2
Which electrolyte imbalance is most commonly associated
with acute kidney injury (AKI)?
A. Hypokalemia
B. Hypocalcemia
C. Hyperkalemia
D. Hypernatremia
Correct Answer: C. Hyperkalemia
Rationale: The kidneys are responsible for potassium
excretion. In AKI, potassium accumulates, leading to
hyperkalemia—a potentially life-threatening condition.
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Question 3
A nurse is reviewing laboratory results for a patient with
renal dysfunction. Which lab result requires immediate
attention?
A. Sodium 135 mEq/L
B. BUN 25 mg/dL
C. Potassium 6.3 mEq/L
D. Creatinine 2.0 mg/dL
Correct Answer: C. Potassium 6.3 mEq/L
Rationale: A potassium level above 6.0 mEq/L is critical and
can cause cardiac arrhythmias. This is an emergency in
renal patients.
Question 4
Which dietary recommendation is appropriate for a patient
with end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis?
A. High potassium, low sodium
B. Low potassium, low phosphorus
C. High protein, high phosphorus
D. Low calcium, high sodium
Correct Answer: B. Low potassium, low phosphorus
Rationale: Patients on dialysis must limit intake of
potassium and phosphorus to prevent complications such
as arrhythmias and bone disease.
Question 5
Which hormone, regulated by the kidneys, plays a critical
role in fluid balance and blood pressure control?
A. Renin
NCLEX & ATI – Renal and Urological Nursing Care Exam
Bank | Fluid Balance, Kidney Function & Urinary
Management | Complete Practice Questions with
Answers
Table of Contents
Topic 1: Fluid and Electrolyte Balance in Renal Patients ................................................... 3
Topic 2: Renal Function, Diagnostics, and Disease Monitoring ........................................ 11
Topic 3: Acute and Chronic Kidney Disease Management ............................................... 19
Topic 4: Urinary Disorders and Obstruction Management ............................................... 27
Topic 5: Dialysis Modalities and Nursing Considerations ................................................ 36
Topic 6: Renal Pharmacology and Medication Safety in Kidney Disease ........................... 44
Topic 7: Urinary Tract Infections and Pyelonephritis: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention
.................................................................................................................................. 53
Topic 8: Renal Nutrition, Fluid Restrictions, and Electrolyte Monitoring ........................... 61
Topic 9: Pharmacologic Therapies in Renal and Urological Nursing Care ......................... 70
Topic 10: Patient Education, Safety, and Long-Term Care Planning in Renal and Urological
Nursing ...................................................................................................................... 78
,2
, 3
Topic 1: Fluid and Electrolyte Balance in Renal Patients
(Questions 1–20)
Question 1
A patient with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is at risk for fluid
volume excess. Which of the following assessment findings
is most indicative of this complication?
A. Dry mucous membranes
B. Jugular vein distention
C. Decreased skin turgor
D. Weight loss
Correct Answer: B. Jugular vein distention
Rationale: Jugular vein distention is a classic sign of fluid
volume overload, which is common in CKD due to impaired
fluid excretion.
Question 2
Which electrolyte imbalance is most commonly associated
with acute kidney injury (AKI)?
A. Hypokalemia
B. Hypocalcemia
C. Hyperkalemia
D. Hypernatremia
Correct Answer: C. Hyperkalemia
Rationale: The kidneys are responsible for potassium
excretion. In AKI, potassium accumulates, leading to
hyperkalemia—a potentially life-threatening condition.
, 4
Question 3
A nurse is reviewing laboratory results for a patient with
renal dysfunction. Which lab result requires immediate
attention?
A. Sodium 135 mEq/L
B. BUN 25 mg/dL
C. Potassium 6.3 mEq/L
D. Creatinine 2.0 mg/dL
Correct Answer: C. Potassium 6.3 mEq/L
Rationale: A potassium level above 6.0 mEq/L is critical and
can cause cardiac arrhythmias. This is an emergency in
renal patients.
Question 4
Which dietary recommendation is appropriate for a patient
with end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis?
A. High potassium, low sodium
B. Low potassium, low phosphorus
C. High protein, high phosphorus
D. Low calcium, high sodium
Correct Answer: B. Low potassium, low phosphorus
Rationale: Patients on dialysis must limit intake of
potassium and phosphorus to prevent complications such
as arrhythmias and bone disease.
Question 5
Which hormone, regulated by the kidneys, plays a critical
role in fluid balance and blood pressure control?
A. Renin
