NUT 116A MIDTERM 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Medical Nutrition Therapy, registered dietitians - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅*Interpretation of medical info
*SPECIFIC disease management
*INDIVIDUALIZED diet patterns/menus
*PERSONAL recommendations on intake of specific nutrients
*Instruction on MEDICALLY-PRESCRIBED diets
*Provided by ______
Nutrition Education - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅General advice for healthy individuals or groups is provided
by RD's and paraprofessionals
nutrition assessment and diagnosis - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Comprehensive evaluation and
interpretation of medical & nutritional history, anthropometric, biochemical and dietary indicators of
health status, and possible drug-nutrient interactions.
GOAL: to identify nutrition-related health problems
medical nutrition therapy, assessment, therapy - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅The nutritional treatment
necessary to prevent, manage or treat a condition, illness or injury
This is comprised of nutrition _____ and _____
nutrition therapy - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅*individualized care plan
*implementation of the plan and diet/behavior counseling
*monitoring and follow-up adjustments to therapy
primary - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅_____ prevention: BEFORE disease is diagnosed, to DECREASE RISK of
developing disease
,secondary - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅______ prevention: after pre-clinical symptoms/overt disease are
diagnosed; interventions to PREVENT ADVERSE SYMPTOMS or DELAY PROGRESSION of disease
tertiary - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅______ prevention: AFTER disease is diagnosed and has ALREADY
PROGRESSED; manage/reduce severity/discomfort
A - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Category _____ evidence: very strong evidence
*from well-controlled RCT's (only types of studies that can establish CAUSE and EFFECT)
*Meta analyses of RCT's
*Well-controlled epidemiological studies
B - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Category ____ evidence: strong evidence
*Cohort & case-controlled studies
C - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Category ____ evidence: moderate evidence
*Individual case studies
*limited case control
D - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Category ____ evidence: weak evidence
*anecdotal
Evidence Analysis Library - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Online resource with the best available research on
important dietetics topics in a practitioner-friendly format (think: ocean animal)
phenotypic plasticity - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅the ability of an organism to change its 'state' in response
to stimuli or changes in the environment; in general, FLEXIBILITY= RESILIENCY
Nutritional Phenotype - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅An individual's _________ is influenced by:
*Medicine
*Genes
, *Diet
*Environment
*Behavior
*Gut microbiome
genetics - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Study of heredity or inherited traits and alterations in SPECIFIC GENES;
does not change throughout life (what you're born with)
genomics - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Study of a complex SET OF GENES; the complete DNA sequence;
includes epigenetics, protein expression, interactions of genome with environment
Nutrigenomics - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅How food and nutrients affect gene expression and how
individual genetic variation affects response to nutrients; includes genetics, genomics, & epigenetics
epigenetics - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Inheritance of information based on gene expression levels, NOT
CHANGES IN DNA SEQUENCE; regulation of gene expression by genomic modifications such as
methylation & acylation of DNA and Histones
variation, nucleotide, genetic, indels, larger - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Sources of genetic ______:
*SNP's (one ____ is exchanged for another)
*______ inheritance (autosomal vs. x/y-linked, dominant vs. recessive)
*_________ (a type of SNP)- cause frame shifts/have a _____ impact than changes/substitutions of aa's)
monogenic, mendelian - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Examples of ______ or ______ disorders
*Familiar hypercholesterolemia
*PKU (caused by a specific SNP)
*Cystic fibrosis
Having the genotype means you have the disorder
Medical Nutrition Therapy, registered dietitians - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅*Interpretation of medical info
*SPECIFIC disease management
*INDIVIDUALIZED diet patterns/menus
*PERSONAL recommendations on intake of specific nutrients
*Instruction on MEDICALLY-PRESCRIBED diets
*Provided by ______
Nutrition Education - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅General advice for healthy individuals or groups is provided
by RD's and paraprofessionals
nutrition assessment and diagnosis - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Comprehensive evaluation and
interpretation of medical & nutritional history, anthropometric, biochemical and dietary indicators of
health status, and possible drug-nutrient interactions.
GOAL: to identify nutrition-related health problems
medical nutrition therapy, assessment, therapy - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅The nutritional treatment
necessary to prevent, manage or treat a condition, illness or injury
This is comprised of nutrition _____ and _____
nutrition therapy - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅*individualized care plan
*implementation of the plan and diet/behavior counseling
*monitoring and follow-up adjustments to therapy
primary - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅_____ prevention: BEFORE disease is diagnosed, to DECREASE RISK of
developing disease
,secondary - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅______ prevention: after pre-clinical symptoms/overt disease are
diagnosed; interventions to PREVENT ADVERSE SYMPTOMS or DELAY PROGRESSION of disease
tertiary - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅______ prevention: AFTER disease is diagnosed and has ALREADY
PROGRESSED; manage/reduce severity/discomfort
A - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Category _____ evidence: very strong evidence
*from well-controlled RCT's (only types of studies that can establish CAUSE and EFFECT)
*Meta analyses of RCT's
*Well-controlled epidemiological studies
B - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Category ____ evidence: strong evidence
*Cohort & case-controlled studies
C - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Category ____ evidence: moderate evidence
*Individual case studies
*limited case control
D - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Category ____ evidence: weak evidence
*anecdotal
Evidence Analysis Library - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Online resource with the best available research on
important dietetics topics in a practitioner-friendly format (think: ocean animal)
phenotypic plasticity - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅the ability of an organism to change its 'state' in response
to stimuli or changes in the environment; in general, FLEXIBILITY= RESILIENCY
Nutritional Phenotype - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅An individual's _________ is influenced by:
*Medicine
*Genes
, *Diet
*Environment
*Behavior
*Gut microbiome
genetics - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Study of heredity or inherited traits and alterations in SPECIFIC GENES;
does not change throughout life (what you're born with)
genomics - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Study of a complex SET OF GENES; the complete DNA sequence;
includes epigenetics, protein expression, interactions of genome with environment
Nutrigenomics - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅How food and nutrients affect gene expression and how
individual genetic variation affects response to nutrients; includes genetics, genomics, & epigenetics
epigenetics - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Inheritance of information based on gene expression levels, NOT
CHANGES IN DNA SEQUENCE; regulation of gene expression by genomic modifications such as
methylation & acylation of DNA and Histones
variation, nucleotide, genetic, indels, larger - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Sources of genetic ______:
*SNP's (one ____ is exchanged for another)
*______ inheritance (autosomal vs. x/y-linked, dominant vs. recessive)
*_________ (a type of SNP)- cause frame shifts/have a _____ impact than changes/substitutions of aa's)
monogenic, mendelian - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Examples of ______ or ______ disorders
*Familiar hypercholesterolemia
*PKU (caused by a specific SNP)
*Cystic fibrosis
Having the genotype means you have the disorder
