CMGT - 360 DBIA FUNDAMENTALS OF
PROJECT 2025 EXPERT VERIFIED | ACE
THE TEST
Hammurabi - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔(1795- 1750 BC) established the earliest known
body of laws written to govern its people which included codes for builders
Code of Hammurabi - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Obligation of design & construction to
society
Vitruvius - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔* Roman writer, engineer, architect lived in 1st century
BC (Roman Empire)
++ He created the original design and construction hand book (De Architectura
Libri Decem "10 books of architecture" -- manufacturer of building materials/roads
& bridges/heating water/amplification)
* Credited with transitionong the practice of architecture and engineering to a
routine practice
* Established design and construction management as learned professions
,Brunelleschi - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔* Quintessential design-builder and innovator (1377
- 1446)
* Italian Artist-Architect-Builder (1420)
* Master Builders who developed the "dome" concept for the Gothic Cathedral of
Florence (the duomo)
* Key figgure in the transition from the Middle Ages to the modern Renaissance
area
Middle Ages - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Craft training and education
Renaissance - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Separate design and construction
Leone Battista Alberti - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔* First intentional separation of the art
from the craft (1456)
* Poet, Philosopher and secretary to the Pope.
* The rise of professionalism: First push to separate design and construction as
distinct functions
The Rise of Professionalism - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔* Established architecture as a
profession distinct from the science of engineering and construction
COPYRIGHT©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
2
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
,* From 15th century Renaissance in to 19th century Industrial Revolution,
Architects retained responsibilities for both design and construction
* Industrial Revolution brought on the separation of design and construction
Return to Integration - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔* DBIA founded in 1993 to help
standardize and advocate for an already emerging design-build industry
* Integrated Project Delivery (IPD)
* Building Information Modeling (BIM)
* Sustainable Design (Green/LEED)
* High Performance Contracting (LEAN - Toyota Production Model)
Effects of the Industrial Revolution - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔- Division of Labor: Building
professions took on increasingly defined roles of architects, engineer, and builder
- Entrepreneurship: need fpr architects and engineers to take risk and assure
performance and cost of facilities (construction)
- Need for capital: Responded to need by non-participating owners (stockholders)
becoming an integral part of projects
Professional Societies - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔• Greater professional specialization
• Increase in specialized knowledge
COPYRIGHT©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
3
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
, • Promotion & advocacy of professional
interests & markets
• Ethical standards of practice
• Rise of conflict-of-interest issues
++Middle 19th century there was a clear distinction
had been made between design professionals
and builders
• 1852 American Society of Civil Engineers an
Architects (ASCEA)
• 1857 Architects dropped and American Institute
of Architects (AIA) was formed
++Design professionals wanted to separate
themselves from sometimes corrupt builders
The Miller Act (1935) - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔++Public contracting law mandating
separation of design from construction
* Contractor selection solely on lowest responsible bid
COPYRIGHT©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
4
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
PROJECT 2025 EXPERT VERIFIED | ACE
THE TEST
Hammurabi - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔(1795- 1750 BC) established the earliest known
body of laws written to govern its people which included codes for builders
Code of Hammurabi - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Obligation of design & construction to
society
Vitruvius - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔* Roman writer, engineer, architect lived in 1st century
BC (Roman Empire)
++ He created the original design and construction hand book (De Architectura
Libri Decem "10 books of architecture" -- manufacturer of building materials/roads
& bridges/heating water/amplification)
* Credited with transitionong the practice of architecture and engineering to a
routine practice
* Established design and construction management as learned professions
,Brunelleschi - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔* Quintessential design-builder and innovator (1377
- 1446)
* Italian Artist-Architect-Builder (1420)
* Master Builders who developed the "dome" concept for the Gothic Cathedral of
Florence (the duomo)
* Key figgure in the transition from the Middle Ages to the modern Renaissance
area
Middle Ages - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Craft training and education
Renaissance - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Separate design and construction
Leone Battista Alberti - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔* First intentional separation of the art
from the craft (1456)
* Poet, Philosopher and secretary to the Pope.
* The rise of professionalism: First push to separate design and construction as
distinct functions
The Rise of Professionalism - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔* Established architecture as a
profession distinct from the science of engineering and construction
COPYRIGHT©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
2
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
,* From 15th century Renaissance in to 19th century Industrial Revolution,
Architects retained responsibilities for both design and construction
* Industrial Revolution brought on the separation of design and construction
Return to Integration - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔* DBIA founded in 1993 to help
standardize and advocate for an already emerging design-build industry
* Integrated Project Delivery (IPD)
* Building Information Modeling (BIM)
* Sustainable Design (Green/LEED)
* High Performance Contracting (LEAN - Toyota Production Model)
Effects of the Industrial Revolution - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔- Division of Labor: Building
professions took on increasingly defined roles of architects, engineer, and builder
- Entrepreneurship: need fpr architects and engineers to take risk and assure
performance and cost of facilities (construction)
- Need for capital: Responded to need by non-participating owners (stockholders)
becoming an integral part of projects
Professional Societies - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔• Greater professional specialization
• Increase in specialized knowledge
COPYRIGHT©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
3
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
, • Promotion & advocacy of professional
interests & markets
• Ethical standards of practice
• Rise of conflict-of-interest issues
++Middle 19th century there was a clear distinction
had been made between design professionals
and builders
• 1852 American Society of Civil Engineers an
Architects (ASCEA)
• 1857 Architects dropped and American Institute
of Architects (AIA) was formed
++Design professionals wanted to separate
themselves from sometimes corrupt builders
The Miller Act (1935) - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔++Public contracting law mandating
separation of design from construction
* Contractor selection solely on lowest responsible bid
COPYRIGHT©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
4
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
