PATHO PAIN & TEMP ACTUAL EXAM 2025-2025 \NEWEST VERSION
\COMPLETE QUESTIONSAND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS \ALREADY
GRADED A+\LATEST UPDATE
-transduction
-translation
pain physiology involves (4)
-perception
-modulation
3 portions of the nervous -afferent
system are -CNS
responsible for the -efferent
sensation, perception, and
response to pain
conversion of a noxious transduction
thermal,
mechanical, or chemical
stimulus into a nerve
impulse
responsible for the detection specialized sensory (afferent) neurons
of a noxious thermal,
mechanical, or chemical
stimuli
free nerve endings in skin, nociceptors (type of afferent)
muscle, joints, arteries, and
viscera that respond to
chemical, mechanical, and
thermal stimuli
-transduction of a noxious
stimulus into a nerve impulse
the afferent system is spinothalamic
responsible for
transmission of a noxious
stimulus to the
_ ____ tract in the CNS
large myelinated fibers that A fibers
have a low
stimulation threshold and a
,fast conduction velocity
high-threshold mechanical type 1 A
nociceptors that respond to
both chemical and
mechanical stimuli
-first or fast (starts abruptly
but ends when stimulus is
removed) pain of a
mechanical stimulus
low-heat threshold and high- type 2 A
mechanical threshold
-fast pain in response to
noxious heat stimulus
type 2 A fibers release the glutamate
neurotransmitter
_ ___ in the cord
smallest of peripheral nerve unmyelinated C fibers
fibers, transmit slow-wave
pain w slow onset and
longer
duration
chemical
-tissue trauma, ischemia, inflammation release... H
slow pain of C fiber is usually
and K ions, prostaglandins, leukotrines, histamine,
from _______
bradykinin, acetylcholine, and serotonin OR by persistent
mechanical or thermal stimuli
_ ___ enhance the sensitivity prostaglandins
of pain
endings but do not directly
stimulate them, chronic pain
C fibers release both ________ and glutamate and substance P
_____________ in the cord
function is to signal messages substance P
from
nociceptors to dorsal horn of
spinal cord
, !! opiates, 5HT agonists, analgesic
and NE agonists exert
______ effect by acting on
substance
p nerve terminals to limit
release of it.
when the threshold of fibers is an action potential is generated
reached......
-nociceptor transduces the read
stimulus into electrical energy
that carries the noxious
stimulus to the CNS
-leads to conscious perception
of pain
-nociceptors dont adapt
-NA/K channel essential
for action potential
-activation of voltage gated
calcium!!! is responsible for
central and peripheral
release of neurotransmitters
necessary for transmission of
pain or mediation of
neurogenic inflammation
cell bodies from trunk dorsal root ganglion
and limbs are located in
_____________
cell bodies from face are in trigeminal ganglion
the ___________
the transfer of a noxious transmission
peripheral stimulus to
the CNS
Pain transmission: pain is dorsal horn, interneurons, lateral spinothalamic
conducted along A and C
fibers into the _____ of the
spinal cord. They synapse with
_______________________ in
the substantia gelatinosa
and cross the midline of
the cord, then ascend to
the brainstem, thalamus,
\COMPLETE QUESTIONSAND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS \ALREADY
GRADED A+\LATEST UPDATE
-transduction
-translation
pain physiology involves (4)
-perception
-modulation
3 portions of the nervous -afferent
system are -CNS
responsible for the -efferent
sensation, perception, and
response to pain
conversion of a noxious transduction
thermal,
mechanical, or chemical
stimulus into a nerve
impulse
responsible for the detection specialized sensory (afferent) neurons
of a noxious thermal,
mechanical, or chemical
stimuli
free nerve endings in skin, nociceptors (type of afferent)
muscle, joints, arteries, and
viscera that respond to
chemical, mechanical, and
thermal stimuli
-transduction of a noxious
stimulus into a nerve impulse
the afferent system is spinothalamic
responsible for
transmission of a noxious
stimulus to the
_ ____ tract in the CNS
large myelinated fibers that A fibers
have a low
stimulation threshold and a
,fast conduction velocity
high-threshold mechanical type 1 A
nociceptors that respond to
both chemical and
mechanical stimuli
-first or fast (starts abruptly
but ends when stimulus is
removed) pain of a
mechanical stimulus
low-heat threshold and high- type 2 A
mechanical threshold
-fast pain in response to
noxious heat stimulus
type 2 A fibers release the glutamate
neurotransmitter
_ ___ in the cord
smallest of peripheral nerve unmyelinated C fibers
fibers, transmit slow-wave
pain w slow onset and
longer
duration
chemical
-tissue trauma, ischemia, inflammation release... H
slow pain of C fiber is usually
and K ions, prostaglandins, leukotrines, histamine,
from _______
bradykinin, acetylcholine, and serotonin OR by persistent
mechanical or thermal stimuli
_ ___ enhance the sensitivity prostaglandins
of pain
endings but do not directly
stimulate them, chronic pain
C fibers release both ________ and glutamate and substance P
_____________ in the cord
function is to signal messages substance P
from
nociceptors to dorsal horn of
spinal cord
, !! opiates, 5HT agonists, analgesic
and NE agonists exert
______ effect by acting on
substance
p nerve terminals to limit
release of it.
when the threshold of fibers is an action potential is generated
reached......
-nociceptor transduces the read
stimulus into electrical energy
that carries the noxious
stimulus to the CNS
-leads to conscious perception
of pain
-nociceptors dont adapt
-NA/K channel essential
for action potential
-activation of voltage gated
calcium!!! is responsible for
central and peripheral
release of neurotransmitters
necessary for transmission of
pain or mediation of
neurogenic inflammation
cell bodies from trunk dorsal root ganglion
and limbs are located in
_____________
cell bodies from face are in trigeminal ganglion
the ___________
the transfer of a noxious transmission
peripheral stimulus to
the CNS
Pain transmission: pain is dorsal horn, interneurons, lateral spinothalamic
conducted along A and C
fibers into the _____ of the
spinal cord. They synapse with
_______________________ in
the substantia gelatinosa
and cross the midline of
the cord, then ascend to
the brainstem, thalamus,
