CEN Review Study Test.

CEN Review Study Test. 1. A patient enters the emergency de- partment complaining of a racing heart, palpitations, and shortness of C. Supraventricular tachycardia is defined as a heart rate greater than 150, narrow complex, and regular breath with an onset 30 minutes prior rhythm. The signs and symptoms correlate with to arrival. The nurse places the patient supraventricular tachycardia. Sinus tachycardia is on the cardiac monitor and notes that a heart rate between 100 to 150. Normal sinus the heart rate is 190 bpm. What car- rhythm. is a heart rate between 60 to 100. Ventric- diac rhythm would the nurse expect to ular fibrillation has no heart rate and the patient see? a. Normal sinus rhythm b. sinus tachycardia c. supraventricular tachycardia d. ventricular fibrillation 2. A patient complains of chest pain un- relieved with rest. The ECG shows T would be unresponsive. B Unstable angina is defined as continued chest pain wave inversion, but no elevation in his remaining after cessation of activity or chest pain troponin level. Based on the signs and relieved by nitroglycerin and without elevation in symptoms, the patient is most likely experiencing? a. stable angina b. unstable angina c. Non-STEMI d. STEMI 3. A patient arrives to the emergency department with complaints of chest cardiac enzymes. Stable angina is characterized by chest pain relieved with cessation of the activity. Non-STEMI is defined as chest pain often with T wave inversion and/or ST segment depression and elevation in the cardiac enzymes. STEMI is charac- terized by chest pain with ST elevation and elevation in the cardiac enzymes. A Pericarditis is an inflammation of the pericardial pain. On assessment, a pericardial fric- lining. Classic signs and symptoms include pain tion rub and diffuse ST elevations are relieved when leaning forward, pericardial friction noted. The patient is most likely expe- rub, and dittuse ST elevations. Non-STEMI signs riencing what condition? and symptoms include ST depression or T wave a. Pericarditis b. Non-STEMI c. STEMI d. Pericardial tamponade 4. A 45-year-old female patient enters into the emergency department with complaints of intermittent chest pain that has happened at rest, during sleep, and with exercise. The patient inversions with elevation in cardiac enzymes. STEMI signs and symptoms include ST elevation in two or more leads, without the presence of a pericar- dial friction rub. Pericardial tamponade is an accu- mulation of fluid, pus, or blood in the pericardial sac compressing the heart preventing full myocar- dial expansion. The patient will have muffled heart sounds instead of a pericardial friction rub. A Cigarette smoking causes vasoconstriction which can cause vasospasm of the coronary arteries. The length of time exercising and any respiratory con- ditions does not directly address the causes of was diagnosed with Prinzmetal's angi- Prinzmetal's angina. Cold exposure causes vaso- na. What question should the nurse ask the patient? a. Do you smoke cigarettes? b. How long have you been exercis- ing? c. Do you have any respiratory condi- tions? d. Does cold exposure relieve the chest pain? 5. Ventricular tachycardia commonly leads to what rhythm? a. third degree heart block b. pulseless electrical activity (PEA) c. supraventricular tachycardia d. ventricular fibrillation constriction and would worsen rather than relieve the chest pain. D. Ventricular tachycardia commonly leads to ventric- ular fibrillation. Ventricular tachycardia does not commonly lead to third degree heart block, pulse- less electrical activity (PEA), and supraventricular tachycardia. 6. A patient complains of chest pain, dys- D pnea, and dizziness for two hours pri- or to arrival. The patient is placed on the cardiac monitor. The patient's heart rate is 30 and the ECG shows asynchronous but regular P-to-P and R-to-R intervals. The patient is expe- riencing which of the following dys- rhythmias? a. normal sinus rhythm with first de- gree AV block b. second degree AV block type 1 c. second degree AV block type 2 d. third degree heart block The patient symptoms of chest pain, dyspnea, and dizziness combined with the ECG findings indicate a third degree heart block. Normal sinus rhythm with first degree AV block is a prolonged PR interval and the heart rate is 60 to 100. The second degree AV block type 1 has a PR interval that varies with a QRS segment being dropped. The second degree AV block type 2 PR interval is not prolonged, but the QRS segment is dropped. 7. A patient arrives in the emergency de- B partment after being involved in a mo- The patient is unstable and needs immediate in- tor vehicle crash (MVC). The patient struck the steering wheel with her chest. The patient is diagnosed with blunt chest trauma and pericardial ef- fusion and then becomes unrespon- sive and hypotensive. What is the pri- ority intervention? a. continue to monitor the patient b. pericardiocentesis c. administer Dopamine intravenous- ly d. needle-chest decompression tervention such as a pericardiocentesis. If the RN simply continues to monitor the patient, the patient will become worse. Administering Dopamine intra- venously may be needed, but it is not the priori- ty intervention. The patient is not displaying signs or symptoms related to tension pneumothorax in which needle-chest decompression would the be recommended intervention. 8. A patient has a history of hypertension B and hyperlipidemia and states that To prevent aortic dissection, it is