236
anything below
normal anything above
is acidosis 7.35 ph 7.45 is alkalosis
normal acid/base ph balance is between 7.35 - 7.45
if a patient gets critically sick, their body may leave normal ph range which
can put them in acidosis or alkalosis that is caused by one of two mechanisms:
respiratory or metabolic
breathing
(think _________________) kidneys
(think ________________)
how do we measure this: how do we measure this:
carbon dioxide = paco2 Bicarbonate = hco3
paco2 on the ph scale: bicarb on the ph scale:
anything normal anything anything normal anything
above 45
acidosis
45 paco2 35alkalosis below 45 below 22
acidosis
22 hco3 26 alkalosis above 26
NOTICE THE pH is FLIPPED. Why?
The more Bicarbonate
Because the more Carbon Dioxide the MORE BASIC!!!!
the MORE ACIDIC!!!!
when paco2 is not wnl: when bicarb is not wnl:
hypoventilation = retaining co2 Bicarb and acid can be lost, gained or
accumulated systemically, but this is
Anything that causes hypoventilation esp through the kidneys.
means not getting rid of CO2 properly.
As CO2 builds up, acidosis will occur. metabolic acidosis or alkalosis involves
more than one system, which can affect
causes many things:
Respiratory depression:
drug overdose, head injury,
sedation, spinal cord injury, etc
metabolic acidosis
when bicarb is below 22 and ph below 7.35:
Lung conditions: Ways we lose bicarb Ways we gain acid
COPD, pneumonia, trauma, etc • Severe diarrhea • DKA
• ileostomy • lactic acidosis
hyperventilation = exhaling co2
Anything that causes hyperventilating metabolic alkalosis
will expel too much CO2. Losing CO2, when bicarb is above 26 and ph above 7.45:
will result in alkalosis.
Ways we gain bicarb Ways we lose acid
causes • Excessive bicarb • vomiting
Anxiety, pain, stimulants, etc administration • gastric suctioning
*both hypo/hyperventilation can • overuse of • diuretics
be related to vent settings antacids
labs + diagnostic tools
an arterial blood gas is drawn by a respiratory therapist from
a patient’s
This study artery.
source was downloaded typically
by 100000899527527 fromdrawn from
CourseHero.com the wrist,
on 07-25-2025 but
14:53:21 GMT can be
-05:00
done from the groin or any arterial line if present.
https://www.coursehero.com/file/244577782/ABG-PDF-Packetpdf/
, anything
normal anything
is acidosis ph is alkalosis
normal acid/base ph balance is between . if a patient
gets critically sick, their body may leave normal range.
acidosis or alkalosis is caused by one of two mechanisms:
or
(think _________________) (think ________________)
how do we measure this: how do we measure this:
paco2 on the ph scale: bicarb on the ph scale:
anything normal anything anything normal anything
above below below above
acidosis alkalosis acidosis alkalosis
NOTICE THE pH is FLIPPED. Why?
The more ________________
Because the more __________________ the MORE BASIC!!!!
the MORE ACIDIC!!!!
when paco2 is not wnl: when bicarb is not wnl:
hypoventilation = retaining co2 Bicarb and acid can be ______, _________ or
_______________ systemically, but this is
Anything that causes hypoventilation esp through the _______________.
means not getting rid of ______ properly.
As ______ builds up, ___________ will occur. metabolic acidosis or alkalosis involves
more than one system, which can affect
causes: many things:
metabolic acidosis
when bicarb is below ____ and ph below ______:
Ways we lose bicarb Ways we gain acid
property of rekmed.org
• •
• •
hyperventilation = exhaling co2
Anything that causes hyperventilating metabolic alkalosis
will _______ too much _______. Losing ______, when bicarb is above ____ and ph above ______:
will result in ______________.
Ways we gain bicarb Ways we lose acid
causes: • •
•
• •
labs + diagnostic tools
an arterial blood gas is drawn by a respiratory therapist from
a patient’s ____________. typically drawn from the _________, but can
be
This study done
source frombythe
was downloaded __________
100000899527527 fromor any ___________________
CourseHero.com if-05:00
on 07-25-2025 14:53:21 GMT present.
https://www.coursehero.com/file/244577782/ABG-PDF-Packetpdf/
anything below
normal anything above
is acidosis 7.35 ph 7.45 is alkalosis
normal acid/base ph balance is between 7.35 - 7.45
if a patient gets critically sick, their body may leave normal ph range which
can put them in acidosis or alkalosis that is caused by one of two mechanisms:
respiratory or metabolic
breathing
(think _________________) kidneys
(think ________________)
how do we measure this: how do we measure this:
carbon dioxide = paco2 Bicarbonate = hco3
paco2 on the ph scale: bicarb on the ph scale:
anything normal anything anything normal anything
above 45
acidosis
45 paco2 35alkalosis below 45 below 22
acidosis
22 hco3 26 alkalosis above 26
NOTICE THE pH is FLIPPED. Why?
The more Bicarbonate
Because the more Carbon Dioxide the MORE BASIC!!!!
the MORE ACIDIC!!!!
when paco2 is not wnl: when bicarb is not wnl:
hypoventilation = retaining co2 Bicarb and acid can be lost, gained or
accumulated systemically, but this is
Anything that causes hypoventilation esp through the kidneys.
means not getting rid of CO2 properly.
As CO2 builds up, acidosis will occur. metabolic acidosis or alkalosis involves
more than one system, which can affect
causes many things:
Respiratory depression:
drug overdose, head injury,
sedation, spinal cord injury, etc
metabolic acidosis
when bicarb is below 22 and ph below 7.35:
Lung conditions: Ways we lose bicarb Ways we gain acid
COPD, pneumonia, trauma, etc • Severe diarrhea • DKA
• ileostomy • lactic acidosis
hyperventilation = exhaling co2
Anything that causes hyperventilating metabolic alkalosis
will expel too much CO2. Losing CO2, when bicarb is above 26 and ph above 7.45:
will result in alkalosis.
Ways we gain bicarb Ways we lose acid
causes • Excessive bicarb • vomiting
Anxiety, pain, stimulants, etc administration • gastric suctioning
*both hypo/hyperventilation can • overuse of • diuretics
be related to vent settings antacids
labs + diagnostic tools
an arterial blood gas is drawn by a respiratory therapist from
a patient’s
This study artery.
source was downloaded typically
by 100000899527527 fromdrawn from
CourseHero.com the wrist,
on 07-25-2025 but
14:53:21 GMT can be
-05:00
done from the groin or any arterial line if present.
https://www.coursehero.com/file/244577782/ABG-PDF-Packetpdf/
, anything
normal anything
is acidosis ph is alkalosis
normal acid/base ph balance is between . if a patient
gets critically sick, their body may leave normal range.
acidosis or alkalosis is caused by one of two mechanisms:
or
(think _________________) (think ________________)
how do we measure this: how do we measure this:
paco2 on the ph scale: bicarb on the ph scale:
anything normal anything anything normal anything
above below below above
acidosis alkalosis acidosis alkalosis
NOTICE THE pH is FLIPPED. Why?
The more ________________
Because the more __________________ the MORE BASIC!!!!
the MORE ACIDIC!!!!
when paco2 is not wnl: when bicarb is not wnl:
hypoventilation = retaining co2 Bicarb and acid can be ______, _________ or
_______________ systemically, but this is
Anything that causes hypoventilation esp through the _______________.
means not getting rid of ______ properly.
As ______ builds up, ___________ will occur. metabolic acidosis or alkalosis involves
more than one system, which can affect
causes: many things:
metabolic acidosis
when bicarb is below ____ and ph below ______:
Ways we lose bicarb Ways we gain acid
property of rekmed.org
• •
• •
hyperventilation = exhaling co2
Anything that causes hyperventilating metabolic alkalosis
will _______ too much _______. Losing ______, when bicarb is above ____ and ph above ______:
will result in ______________.
Ways we gain bicarb Ways we lose acid
causes: • •
•
• •
labs + diagnostic tools
an arterial blood gas is drawn by a respiratory therapist from
a patient’s ____________. typically drawn from the _________, but can
be
This study done
source frombythe
was downloaded __________
100000899527527 fromor any ___________________
CourseHero.com if-05:00
on 07-25-2025 14:53:21 GMT present.
https://www.coursehero.com/file/244577782/ABG-PDF-Packetpdf/
