NLN Pharmacology Review
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_dg0r95
1. Administration ¡absorbed in mucosa of oral cavities
Routes: ¡rapid onset of action
Sublingual Administra- ¡Place tablet on floor of mouth, close mouth. Do not swallow, hold under
tion tongue until dissolve.
¡Use spray on floor of mouth under tongue and close mouth.
2. Administration ¡place tablet between gum and cheek near back of mouth, close mouth and
Routes: keep in place until dissolve
Buccal ¡slower to dissolve and absorb than sublingual
3. Administration ¡Given in the vastus lateralis in children up to 3
Routes: ¡Spread skin taught to bring muscle near surface of skin, with dart-like
Intramuscular Injec- motion insert needle at 90 degrees
tions ¡Aspirate to determine if needle enter a blood vessel. If there is blood return
discard the needle and meds and start procedure over
4. Administration ¡NG usually temporary; G-tube for longer term
Routes: ¡Follow instructions re crushing, dissolving medication - no sustained
NGtube/Gtube release meds
5. Administration ¡(1)Clean exudates from eye; (2) tilt head toward side of affected eye; (3)
Routes: pull lower eyelid down; (4) have pt. look up; (5) instill drops in conjunctival
Eye Drop Administra- sac formed by lower lid (not onto the eye); (6) Apply gentle pressure for
tion 30 sec to 1 min over inner cantus next to nose (this prevents absorption
through the tear duct and drainage of the medication). Close eyes gently
massage the eyes to distribute the meds.
¡Slow absorption except in infants where they readily absorb
6. Administration ¡Same as eye drop except it is expressed directly into the conjunctival
Routes: sac from the inner canthus to the outer canthus. Close eyes and gently
Eye Ointment massage to distribute the medication
7. Definition:
, NLN Pharmacology Review
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8. Definition: ¡Definition: Acute decrease in the number of granulocytes/leukopenia
Agranulocytosis / Neu- (WBC) in peripheral blood
tropenia / agranulocy- ¡Causes include: treatment with broad spectrum PCN, sulfonamides
topenia or cephalosporin (piperacillin, tazobactam, cetazidime, ticarcillin, gen-
tamycin), bone marrow transplant, chemotherapy, radiation.
¡Generally is impaired resulting from bone marrow depression by drugs
and chemicals or replacement by a neoplasm(oral lesion, ulcer necrotic,
gingivitis, buccal mucosa
¡Lymphadenopathy, lymphadenitis may be prevalent.
¡Could lead to respiratory infection, ulceration of mouth colon, high fever,
UTI. But may be asymptomatic
9. Definition: ¡A form of detoxification
Chelating Agents ¡Chelating therapy involves an injection or oral administration of ethylene
diamine Tetra acetic avide (a synthetic amino acid which attaches to toxic
substance such as lead, cadmium, aluminum and other metal in the blood
to facilitate their removal from the body.)
¡May be used to treat hardening of the arteries, heart attack, stroke, arthritis
and gangrene because of its ability to remove excess calcium from the
body.
10. Definition: ¡Use in children with lead level between 45&70 micron/dl.
EDTA: Ethylenedi- ¡EDTA binds to lead in blood and excreted by the bowel and kidney. EDTA
aminetetraacetic Acid may be toxic to kidney. Monitor urine output.
¡GIVE THIS BY IV. Dose depends on weight of child, severity of the poison.
Agent is given every 4 hours for 5 days. A second course may be needed
if there is a rebound in the blood level. Give oral and IV fluid to enhance
excretion
¡Do not use EDTA with hypocalcemia or hypokalemia.
OTHER AGENTS
¡British antiLewisite (BAL) does not give with iron supplement and avoid in
, NLN Pharmacology Review
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_dg0r95
pt. with plant allergy. Give this by IM
¡Succimer (Chemer)
¡Chemet - oral medication - Do not give in pt. with encephalopathy
11. Definition: ¡Nose bleed. Can be anterior or posterior. Posterior is more serious.
Epixtaxis ¡Due to rupture of blood vessels within richly perfuse nasal mucosa spon-
taneous or initiated by trauma
¡Blood can come up through the eye, can also flow down the stomach
causing nausea, vomiting
Treat epistaxis
¡cauterization with silver nitrate, calcium alginate mesh, nasal cavity packed
with sterile dressing ribbon gauze, absorbent dressing or saline sprayed
into the nose
¡Ice pack to forehead or back of the neck
¡pinch septum of nose for 5 minutes
¡DO NOT pack nose with tissue or gauze
12. Definition: Half-life
Half-Life
¡The time it takes for a medication to lose half of its pharmacologic or
physiologic effect
¡To calculate half-life: There is a formula but the easiest way to decrease
count.
¡Example: half- life is 1 hour.
Start 100%
1 hr. 50%
2 hrs. 25%
3 hrs. 12.5%
4 hrs. 6.25%
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_dg0r95
1. Administration ¡absorbed in mucosa of oral cavities
Routes: ¡rapid onset of action
Sublingual Administra- ¡Place tablet on floor of mouth, close mouth. Do not swallow, hold under
tion tongue until dissolve.
¡Use spray on floor of mouth under tongue and close mouth.
2. Administration ¡place tablet between gum and cheek near back of mouth, close mouth and
Routes: keep in place until dissolve
Buccal ¡slower to dissolve and absorb than sublingual
3. Administration ¡Given in the vastus lateralis in children up to 3
Routes: ¡Spread skin taught to bring muscle near surface of skin, with dart-like
Intramuscular Injec- motion insert needle at 90 degrees
tions ¡Aspirate to determine if needle enter a blood vessel. If there is blood return
discard the needle and meds and start procedure over
4. Administration ¡NG usually temporary; G-tube for longer term
Routes: ¡Follow instructions re crushing, dissolving medication - no sustained
NGtube/Gtube release meds
5. Administration ¡(1)Clean exudates from eye; (2) tilt head toward side of affected eye; (3)
Routes: pull lower eyelid down; (4) have pt. look up; (5) instill drops in conjunctival
Eye Drop Administra- sac formed by lower lid (not onto the eye); (6) Apply gentle pressure for
tion 30 sec to 1 min over inner cantus next to nose (this prevents absorption
through the tear duct and drainage of the medication). Close eyes gently
massage the eyes to distribute the meds.
¡Slow absorption except in infants where they readily absorb
6. Administration ¡Same as eye drop except it is expressed directly into the conjunctival
Routes: sac from the inner canthus to the outer canthus. Close eyes and gently
Eye Ointment massage to distribute the medication
7. Definition:
, NLN Pharmacology Review
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_dg0r95
8. Definition: ¡Definition: Acute decrease in the number of granulocytes/leukopenia
Agranulocytosis / Neu- (WBC) in peripheral blood
tropenia / agranulocy- ¡Causes include: treatment with broad spectrum PCN, sulfonamides
topenia or cephalosporin (piperacillin, tazobactam, cetazidime, ticarcillin, gen-
tamycin), bone marrow transplant, chemotherapy, radiation.
¡Generally is impaired resulting from bone marrow depression by drugs
and chemicals or replacement by a neoplasm(oral lesion, ulcer necrotic,
gingivitis, buccal mucosa
¡Lymphadenopathy, lymphadenitis may be prevalent.
¡Could lead to respiratory infection, ulceration of mouth colon, high fever,
UTI. But may be asymptomatic
9. Definition: ¡A form of detoxification
Chelating Agents ¡Chelating therapy involves an injection or oral administration of ethylene
diamine Tetra acetic avide (a synthetic amino acid which attaches to toxic
substance such as lead, cadmium, aluminum and other metal in the blood
to facilitate their removal from the body.)
¡May be used to treat hardening of the arteries, heart attack, stroke, arthritis
and gangrene because of its ability to remove excess calcium from the
body.
10. Definition: ¡Use in children with lead level between 45&70 micron/dl.
EDTA: Ethylenedi- ¡EDTA binds to lead in blood and excreted by the bowel and kidney. EDTA
aminetetraacetic Acid may be toxic to kidney. Monitor urine output.
¡GIVE THIS BY IV. Dose depends on weight of child, severity of the poison.
Agent is given every 4 hours for 5 days. A second course may be needed
if there is a rebound in the blood level. Give oral and IV fluid to enhance
excretion
¡Do not use EDTA with hypocalcemia or hypokalemia.
OTHER AGENTS
¡British antiLewisite (BAL) does not give with iron supplement and avoid in
, NLN Pharmacology Review
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_dg0r95
pt. with plant allergy. Give this by IM
¡Succimer (Chemer)
¡Chemet - oral medication - Do not give in pt. with encephalopathy
11. Definition: ¡Nose bleed. Can be anterior or posterior. Posterior is more serious.
Epixtaxis ¡Due to rupture of blood vessels within richly perfuse nasal mucosa spon-
taneous or initiated by trauma
¡Blood can come up through the eye, can also flow down the stomach
causing nausea, vomiting
Treat epistaxis
¡cauterization with silver nitrate, calcium alginate mesh, nasal cavity packed
with sterile dressing ribbon gauze, absorbent dressing or saline sprayed
into the nose
¡Ice pack to forehead or back of the neck
¡pinch septum of nose for 5 minutes
¡DO NOT pack nose with tissue or gauze
12. Definition: Half-life
Half-Life
¡The time it takes for a medication to lose half of its pharmacologic or
physiologic effect
¡To calculate half-life: There is a formula but the easiest way to decrease
count.
¡Example: half- life is 1 hour.
Start 100%
1 hr. 50%
2 hrs. 25%
3 hrs. 12.5%
4 hrs. 6.25%
