PATHO FHEA MIDTERM STUDY GUIDE
EXAM 2025 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Sodium (Na+), Calcium (Ca++), Chloride (CL-), and sodium bicarbonate (HCO3-) are all examples
of charged particles that share which of the following common feature? - ANS More
abundant in extracellular fluid (ECF)
The single largest component of the animal cell membrane is: - ANS Protein
Which of the following is a true statement about the funchtion of the cell membrane? -
ANS It maintains ICF (intracellular fluid) separate from ECF (extracellular fluid)
Both Lysosomes and peroxisomes digest organic molecules. A primary difference between the
two is that: - ANS Peroxisomes use molecular oxygen
Maintaining cell volume and membrane potential are important functions of the: - ANS Cell
Membrane
protein synthesis is a process in which organelles work together to synthesize a mature protein.
Which statement best describes the process by which mature functional proteins are
produced? - ANS The rough endoplasmic reticulum manufactures proteins and the Golgi
apparatus modifies them with enzymes.
The cell membrane functions to: - ANS Act as an electrical unit.
1 Copyright ©2025 SIRJOEL ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
, The cytoskeleton is composed of actin, filaments, microtubules and intermediate filaments.
Which of the following is a true statement about the cytoskeleton? - ANS Maintains
organization of Organelles
The osmolality of ECF is: - ANS The same as ICF
A variety of physiologic mechanisms are employed to transport fluid and solutes across the cell
membrane, which one of them is described by the equation J= [D(A) (Cin-Cout)]/x? -
ANS Difussion
Fick's first law of diffusion states that flux is decreased when --- is increased - ANS Thickness
of the membrane
Membrane potential is created by the separation of charges by the cell membrane. The Cell
membrane gets its change as a function of the ion: - ANS That is drawn to the inner aspect of
the membrane
The absolute refractory period is the time during which: - ANS No stimulus can cause a
second action potential.
The pressure gradient created when there are different concentrations of a solute on either
side of a membrane and the solute can not cross the membrane is a function of: -
ANS Osmosis.
Diffusion that utilizes a carrier-mediated process to allow the transport of particles that are too
large to move by simple diffusion is called: - ANS Facilitated diffusion
when energy derived from the hydrolysis of ATP molecules is used to transport ions against the
concentration gradient, this is called: - ANS Active transport
2 Copyright ©2025 SIRJOEL ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
EXAM 2025 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Sodium (Na+), Calcium (Ca++), Chloride (CL-), and sodium bicarbonate (HCO3-) are all examples
of charged particles that share which of the following common feature? - ANS More
abundant in extracellular fluid (ECF)
The single largest component of the animal cell membrane is: - ANS Protein
Which of the following is a true statement about the funchtion of the cell membrane? -
ANS It maintains ICF (intracellular fluid) separate from ECF (extracellular fluid)
Both Lysosomes and peroxisomes digest organic molecules. A primary difference between the
two is that: - ANS Peroxisomes use molecular oxygen
Maintaining cell volume and membrane potential are important functions of the: - ANS Cell
Membrane
protein synthesis is a process in which organelles work together to synthesize a mature protein.
Which statement best describes the process by which mature functional proteins are
produced? - ANS The rough endoplasmic reticulum manufactures proteins and the Golgi
apparatus modifies them with enzymes.
The cell membrane functions to: - ANS Act as an electrical unit.
1 Copyright ©2025 SIRJOEL ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
, The cytoskeleton is composed of actin, filaments, microtubules and intermediate filaments.
Which of the following is a true statement about the cytoskeleton? - ANS Maintains
organization of Organelles
The osmolality of ECF is: - ANS The same as ICF
A variety of physiologic mechanisms are employed to transport fluid and solutes across the cell
membrane, which one of them is described by the equation J= [D(A) (Cin-Cout)]/x? -
ANS Difussion
Fick's first law of diffusion states that flux is decreased when --- is increased - ANS Thickness
of the membrane
Membrane potential is created by the separation of charges by the cell membrane. The Cell
membrane gets its change as a function of the ion: - ANS That is drawn to the inner aspect of
the membrane
The absolute refractory period is the time during which: - ANS No stimulus can cause a
second action potential.
The pressure gradient created when there are different concentrations of a solute on either
side of a membrane and the solute can not cross the membrane is a function of: -
ANS Osmosis.
Diffusion that utilizes a carrier-mediated process to allow the transport of particles that are too
large to move by simple diffusion is called: - ANS Facilitated diffusion
when energy derived from the hydrolysis of ATP molecules is used to transport ions against the
concentration gradient, this is called: - ANS Active transport
2 Copyright ©2025 SIRJOEL ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
