Client centered care EXAM 2 2025
Questions and Answers
GI Tract is made up of what - --Answer --The mouth, pharynx, esophagus,
stomach, small and large intestines, rectum, and anus.
Accessory organs of the GI - --Answer --The liver, gallbladder, and pancreas
Functions of the upper GI - --Answer --Chewing, swallowing, and breaking
down food particles.
Risk factors for oral cancer - --Answer --Cigarette smoking, tobacco use,
pipe smoking, excessive alcohol use, infection with HPV, and genetic
predisposition
Signs and symptoms of oral cancer - --Answer --Lesions on the tongue or
mucosa, sores or discoloration of the lips or mouth that don't heal
treatment of oral cancer - --Answer --radiation, chemotherapy, surgery that
may require the creation of a tracheostomy
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,Nursing care of a patient with oral cancer - --Answer --Involves monitoring
respiratory status, nutritional support, and comfort measures
Esophageal cancer/ gastric cancer risk factors - --Answer --Smoking,
excessive alcohol use
cause of esophageal cancer - --Answer --Barrett esophagus
Barrett esophagus - --Answer --Precancerous condition due to longstanding
GERD, the constant irritation of the esophagus by stomach fluids can cause cells
to become malignant.
Signs and symptoms of esophageal cancer - --Answer --dysphagia,
hoarseness, persistent cough, halitosis, regurgitation of foods, and weight loss.
Treatment of esophageal cancer - --Answer --Endoscopic therapies and
surgeries. Esophagectomy is less commonly done due to complication rate
respiratory acidosis - --Answer --A drop in blood pH due to hypoventilation
(too little breathing) and a resulting accumulation of Co2.
respiratory alkalosis - --Answer --Arise in blood pH due to hyperventilation
(excessive breathing) and a resulting decrease in CO2.
metabolic acidosis - --Answer --decreased pH in blood and body tissues as a
result of an upset in metabolism
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, metabolic alkalosis - --Answer --elevation of HCO3- usually caused by an
excessive loss of metabolic acids
respiratory acidosis - --Answer --Causes: shallow, slow respirations->
HYPOventilation; respiratory congestion or obstruction.
Can be due to COPD, severe pneumonia, or excessive sedation; respiratory muscle
weakness.
Signs and symptoms of respiratory acidosis - --Answer --Hypoventilation,
dyspnea, anxiety, and confusion
ABG values for respiratory acidosis - --Answer --pH less than 7.35, PaCO2
greater than 45
causes of metabolic acidosis - --Answer --shock, DKA, lactic acidosis, renal
failure, diarrhea, and starvation
signs and symptoms of metabolic acidosis - --Answer --Kussmaul
respirations; headache; confusion; malaise
ABG values for metabolic acidosis - --Answer --low pH, HCO3 less than 22
Causes of respiratory alkalosis - --Answer --HYPERventilation caused by
anxiety or pain, mechanical ventilation
....COPYRIGHT ©️ 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED...TRUSTED & VERIFIED 3
Questions and Answers
GI Tract is made up of what - --Answer --The mouth, pharynx, esophagus,
stomach, small and large intestines, rectum, and anus.
Accessory organs of the GI - --Answer --The liver, gallbladder, and pancreas
Functions of the upper GI - --Answer --Chewing, swallowing, and breaking
down food particles.
Risk factors for oral cancer - --Answer --Cigarette smoking, tobacco use,
pipe smoking, excessive alcohol use, infection with HPV, and genetic
predisposition
Signs and symptoms of oral cancer - --Answer --Lesions on the tongue or
mucosa, sores or discoloration of the lips or mouth that don't heal
treatment of oral cancer - --Answer --radiation, chemotherapy, surgery that
may require the creation of a tracheostomy
....COPYRIGHT ©️ 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED...TRUSTED & VERIFIED 1
,Nursing care of a patient with oral cancer - --Answer --Involves monitoring
respiratory status, nutritional support, and comfort measures
Esophageal cancer/ gastric cancer risk factors - --Answer --Smoking,
excessive alcohol use
cause of esophageal cancer - --Answer --Barrett esophagus
Barrett esophagus - --Answer --Precancerous condition due to longstanding
GERD, the constant irritation of the esophagus by stomach fluids can cause cells
to become malignant.
Signs and symptoms of esophageal cancer - --Answer --dysphagia,
hoarseness, persistent cough, halitosis, regurgitation of foods, and weight loss.
Treatment of esophageal cancer - --Answer --Endoscopic therapies and
surgeries. Esophagectomy is less commonly done due to complication rate
respiratory acidosis - --Answer --A drop in blood pH due to hypoventilation
(too little breathing) and a resulting accumulation of Co2.
respiratory alkalosis - --Answer --Arise in blood pH due to hyperventilation
(excessive breathing) and a resulting decrease in CO2.
metabolic acidosis - --Answer --decreased pH in blood and body tissues as a
result of an upset in metabolism
....COPYRIGHT ©️ 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED...TRUSTED & VERIFIED 2
, metabolic alkalosis - --Answer --elevation of HCO3- usually caused by an
excessive loss of metabolic acids
respiratory acidosis - --Answer --Causes: shallow, slow respirations->
HYPOventilation; respiratory congestion or obstruction.
Can be due to COPD, severe pneumonia, or excessive sedation; respiratory muscle
weakness.
Signs and symptoms of respiratory acidosis - --Answer --Hypoventilation,
dyspnea, anxiety, and confusion
ABG values for respiratory acidosis - --Answer --pH less than 7.35, PaCO2
greater than 45
causes of metabolic acidosis - --Answer --shock, DKA, lactic acidosis, renal
failure, diarrhea, and starvation
signs and symptoms of metabolic acidosis - --Answer --Kussmaul
respirations; headache; confusion; malaise
ABG values for metabolic acidosis - --Answer --low pH, HCO3 less than 22
Causes of respiratory alkalosis - --Answer --HYPERventilation caused by
anxiety or pain, mechanical ventilation
....COPYRIGHT ©️ 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED...TRUSTED & VERIFIED 3
