NSG 303 EXAM 2 STUDY GUIDE
surfactant - Answers - fatty protein lining the alveoli
atelectasis - Answers - -aveolar collapse/deflated
-decreased gas exchange
-decreased surface area
inspiration - Answers - pressure becomes negative and air enters
-air flows into lung
-alveoli expand
-blood passes through aveoli
-oxygen diffuses from alveoli to hemoglobin
-carbon dioxide diffuses from hemoglobin to aveoli
-hemoglobin is Saturday with oxygen
expiration - Answers - pressure becomes positive and air exits
-air flows out of lung
-carbon dioxide expelled
what lines thoracic cavity and covers the lung? - Answers - parietal/ visceral pleura
hypoxemia - Answers - a decrease in arterial oxygen in the blood
-confirmed with ABGs
hypoxia - Answers - a decrease in oxygen supply to the tissue
-can do this with vision and assessment
PaO2 represents .... - Answers - oxygenation/ Ventilation effectiveness
ventilation - Answers - mechanical process of moving air into and out of the lungs
bronchoscopy - Answers - the visual examination of the bronchi using a bronchoscope
useful for : collecting specimens
-biopsy
-diagnosing infections
-secretion removal
-stent placement
-tumor resection
bronchoscopy pre procedure - Answers - -consent
-allergies
,-NPO 4-8hrs prior
-check cough/gag reflex
-supplemental 02
-verify IV patency
-monitor CBC, bnp, PT/INR
bronchoscopy post preoceure - Answers - -NPO until cough/gag reflex returns
-monitor hemoptysis
-encourage cough/ deep breathing
-monitor breath sounds
-monitor for bleeding, hypoxia
-reassess vitals
acids - Answers - lower pH - below 7.35
bases - Answers - higher pH- above 7.45
buffers - Answers - bodys compensatory mechanism to control pH.
-may release H or bind H to regulate pH
lab values to check before doing brunch or thoroscentesis - Answers - CBC, PT/ INR
acids are.... - Answers - -carbonic acid
-CO2
-metabolic acid (GI tract)
bases are... - Answers - bicarbonate (HC03)
chemical buffers compensation - Answers - -work within seconds
-already present in tissue or will handle minor changes in the acid base balance
respiratory compensation - Answers - -retention or elimination of CO2 within minutes
renal compensation - Answers - -regulate bicarb to combat hydrogen possess or gains
-starts in hours, but more permanent
-when other 2 fail, renal system slowly gets to work and requires up to 5 days to
complete
ph under ___ or over ___ typically cause death - Answers - 7. 8.
normal ph range - Answers - 7.35-7.45
what are arterial blood gasses? - Answers - -dx test used to evaluate oxygenation/
ventilation
-assess acid base imbalances
, determines :
resp acidosis/ alkalosis
metabolic acidosis/ alkalosis
nurses role in ABGs - Answers - -establish circulation ( Allens test)
-monitoring site for bleeding
-collecting from art line
-holding pressure after for 5 min or 20 min if anticoagulated
-apply pressure dressing
pH= - Answers - concentration of H in the blood
paCO2= - Answers - partial pressure of carbon dioxide
34-45
HCO3= - Answers - bicarbonate content
21-28
PaO2= - Answers - Partial pressure of O2 in the blood
75-100
SaO2= - Answers - % Hgb saturated with O2
93-100
respiratory acidosis causes - Answers - -drug overdose
-pulmonary edema
-sleep apnea
-pneumonia
respiratory acidosis clinical presentation - Answers - -ph < 7.35
-PaCO2 > 45
-hypoventilation
-decreased LOC
-headache
metabolic acidosis causes - Answers - -increase in acids
--renal failure
--diabetic ketoacidosis
--drug overdose -salicylates
--loss of base - diarrhea
metabolic acidosis clinical presentation - Answers - -pH < 7.35
surfactant - Answers - fatty protein lining the alveoli
atelectasis - Answers - -aveolar collapse/deflated
-decreased gas exchange
-decreased surface area
inspiration - Answers - pressure becomes negative and air enters
-air flows into lung
-alveoli expand
-blood passes through aveoli
-oxygen diffuses from alveoli to hemoglobin
-carbon dioxide diffuses from hemoglobin to aveoli
-hemoglobin is Saturday with oxygen
expiration - Answers - pressure becomes positive and air exits
-air flows out of lung
-carbon dioxide expelled
what lines thoracic cavity and covers the lung? - Answers - parietal/ visceral pleura
hypoxemia - Answers - a decrease in arterial oxygen in the blood
-confirmed with ABGs
hypoxia - Answers - a decrease in oxygen supply to the tissue
-can do this with vision and assessment
PaO2 represents .... - Answers - oxygenation/ Ventilation effectiveness
ventilation - Answers - mechanical process of moving air into and out of the lungs
bronchoscopy - Answers - the visual examination of the bronchi using a bronchoscope
useful for : collecting specimens
-biopsy
-diagnosing infections
-secretion removal
-stent placement
-tumor resection
bronchoscopy pre procedure - Answers - -consent
-allergies
,-NPO 4-8hrs prior
-check cough/gag reflex
-supplemental 02
-verify IV patency
-monitor CBC, bnp, PT/INR
bronchoscopy post preoceure - Answers - -NPO until cough/gag reflex returns
-monitor hemoptysis
-encourage cough/ deep breathing
-monitor breath sounds
-monitor for bleeding, hypoxia
-reassess vitals
acids - Answers - lower pH - below 7.35
bases - Answers - higher pH- above 7.45
buffers - Answers - bodys compensatory mechanism to control pH.
-may release H or bind H to regulate pH
lab values to check before doing brunch or thoroscentesis - Answers - CBC, PT/ INR
acids are.... - Answers - -carbonic acid
-CO2
-metabolic acid (GI tract)
bases are... - Answers - bicarbonate (HC03)
chemical buffers compensation - Answers - -work within seconds
-already present in tissue or will handle minor changes in the acid base balance
respiratory compensation - Answers - -retention or elimination of CO2 within minutes
renal compensation - Answers - -regulate bicarb to combat hydrogen possess or gains
-starts in hours, but more permanent
-when other 2 fail, renal system slowly gets to work and requires up to 5 days to
complete
ph under ___ or over ___ typically cause death - Answers - 7. 8.
normal ph range - Answers - 7.35-7.45
what are arterial blood gasses? - Answers - -dx test used to evaluate oxygenation/
ventilation
-assess acid base imbalances
, determines :
resp acidosis/ alkalosis
metabolic acidosis/ alkalosis
nurses role in ABGs - Answers - -establish circulation ( Allens test)
-monitoring site for bleeding
-collecting from art line
-holding pressure after for 5 min or 20 min if anticoagulated
-apply pressure dressing
pH= - Answers - concentration of H in the blood
paCO2= - Answers - partial pressure of carbon dioxide
34-45
HCO3= - Answers - bicarbonate content
21-28
PaO2= - Answers - Partial pressure of O2 in the blood
75-100
SaO2= - Answers - % Hgb saturated with O2
93-100
respiratory acidosis causes - Answers - -drug overdose
-pulmonary edema
-sleep apnea
-pneumonia
respiratory acidosis clinical presentation - Answers - -ph < 7.35
-PaCO2 > 45
-hypoventilation
-decreased LOC
-headache
metabolic acidosis causes - Answers - -increase in acids
--renal failure
--diabetic ketoacidosis
--drug overdose -salicylates
--loss of base - diarrhea
metabolic acidosis clinical presentation - Answers - -pH < 7.35
