NUR 223 Final Exam Questions and All
Correct Answers (2025-2026) Edition.
Family Planning - Answer *Most effective- abstinence
*Least effective- calendar rhythm method OR pull-out method (coitus interruptus)
*Male condoms- do not store in hot conditions
Oral Contraceptives - Answer S/E: dizziness, nausea, mood changes, HTN, blood clots, MI, CVA,
irregular bleeding, wt gain, increased risk for ectopic pregnancy
Contraindications- pregnancy, hx DVTs, liver disease, estrogen depending carcinomas, heavy
smoking, gallbladder disease, DM, hyperlipidemia
Early signs of complications for OC users: - Answer A: Abdominal pain may indicate
gallbladder/liver problems
C: Chest pain or SOB may indicate PE
H: Headaches may indicate HTN or impending CVA
E: Eye problems may indicate HTN
S: Severe leg pain may indicate a thromboembolic event
Primary Syphillis - Answer *Chancre develops- 1st sign of syphilis
*Begins as small papule, then breaks down in 3-7 days into a PAINLESS, indurated (hard),
smooth, weeping lesion
*Without tx- chancre will disappear within 6 wks but organism is scattered throughout body
Secondary Syphilils - Answer *Develops 6 weeks-6 months after chancre disappears
*Symptoms- copper colored rash (esp palms & soles), sore throat, flu-like symptoms, joint
pain/tenderness, flat lesions, hair loss
*Symptoms disappear in 4-12 weeks
Latent Syphilis - Answer *Begins about 1-2 yrs after infection & can last up to 50 yrs
,-Only 30% of people with latent syphilis get tertiary syphilis
Tertiary Syphilis - Answer *Can occur from 4 yrs up to 20 yrs
*May be evidenced by tumors (benign lesions or gummas) in the skin, mucus membranes,
bones and liver
-Also seen in a diffuse inflammatory response which targets the nervous and cardiovascular
systems: seizures, hemiplegia, ataxia, constricted pupils, slurred speech, personality changes,
aneurysms, aortic insufficiency, coronary artery stenosis
Syphilis Diagnostic Tests - Answer *Physical exam
*Laboratory tests: cultures, serology tests (looking for antibody VDRL serum test & more rapid
RDR; if VDRL is positive then a more specific test such as FTA-ABS or MHA-TP will be used to
confirm infection); CBC
*Can only be seen with a dark field microscope
Syphilis Tx - Answer *ATB- Penicillin-G IM is drug of choice (tetracycline or doxycycline if
allergic to PCN)
*Wait in facility for 30 min after tx to assess for allergy
*Identify & treat partner; pt education
*Jarisch Herxheimer rxn may occur d/t the sudden destruction of spirocetes & release of toxins:
onset within 2 hrs, peaks in 4-8 hrs & gone in 24 hrs
S/S- generalized aches/pain at injection site, hypotension, vasodilation, fever; treat with
analgesic/antipyretics
Genital Herpes - Answer *Primary infection- usually most severe & lasts 2-3 wks
*Subsequent recurrent infections are often less severe & last 1 wk
*In between infection (latency) the virus lies dormant in nerve ganglia
S/S: lesions on genitals (papules form blisters with clear fluid which contains virus),
itching/tingling 1-2 days before lesions (prodromal SY), lesions rupture & leave painful erosions,
headache, fever, malaise, dysuria & retention, vaginal discharge
, Nursing Care: education on preventing spread, chronic illness, ice packs/warm compresses, sitz
baths, loose clothing, encourage fluids
*Promote healing by: keep lesions clean & dry, use hair dry set on cool to dry lesions after
cleaning, encourage annual pap smears (increased risk of cervical cancer)
Gonorrhea - Answer *Causative organism- Neisseria gonorrheae (gram neg); incubation 2-8
days after exposure
*Transmitted by: vaginal intercourse, oral/genital, anal/genital; infected birth canal to a
newborn
S/S: may be asymptomatic, dysuria, penile discharge yellow-green, "silent infection" more
common in women, abnormal vaginal discharge, urinary frequency; spread may cause PID
Gonorrhea Dx & Tx
*Tx: Rocephin plus doxycycline or Zithromax to treat any concurrent chlamydia infection -
Answer Men- smear of urethral discharge shows gram neg stain
Women- gram neg bacteria is normal vaginal flora, a culture MUST be done
*Must treat all sexual partners from last 30 days
*Tx: Rocephin plus doxycycline or Zithromax to treat any concurrent chlamydia infection
Chlamydia - Answer *MOST common reported STD in US
*S/S: may be asymptomatic, white/thin discharge, increase in vaginal discharge, minor itching,
cervicitis, dysuria/frequency, tenderness
*Can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease (S/S: abd pain, cramping, dysuria, vaginal discharge, GI
upset, fever, severe N&V)
Dx: culture expensive; use rapid test, culture GC also
Tx: Doxycycline, Zithromax
Prematurity - Answer *Occurs after 20 weeks & before 37 weeks gestation
*Risk factors- gestational HTN, multiple preg closely spaced, age <17 and >35; lack of prenatal
care; substance abuse, smoking, previous hx, UTIs, STIs, low socioeconomic status, African
Correct Answers (2025-2026) Edition.
Family Planning - Answer *Most effective- abstinence
*Least effective- calendar rhythm method OR pull-out method (coitus interruptus)
*Male condoms- do not store in hot conditions
Oral Contraceptives - Answer S/E: dizziness, nausea, mood changes, HTN, blood clots, MI, CVA,
irregular bleeding, wt gain, increased risk for ectopic pregnancy
Contraindications- pregnancy, hx DVTs, liver disease, estrogen depending carcinomas, heavy
smoking, gallbladder disease, DM, hyperlipidemia
Early signs of complications for OC users: - Answer A: Abdominal pain may indicate
gallbladder/liver problems
C: Chest pain or SOB may indicate PE
H: Headaches may indicate HTN or impending CVA
E: Eye problems may indicate HTN
S: Severe leg pain may indicate a thromboembolic event
Primary Syphillis - Answer *Chancre develops- 1st sign of syphilis
*Begins as small papule, then breaks down in 3-7 days into a PAINLESS, indurated (hard),
smooth, weeping lesion
*Without tx- chancre will disappear within 6 wks but organism is scattered throughout body
Secondary Syphilils - Answer *Develops 6 weeks-6 months after chancre disappears
*Symptoms- copper colored rash (esp palms & soles), sore throat, flu-like symptoms, joint
pain/tenderness, flat lesions, hair loss
*Symptoms disappear in 4-12 weeks
Latent Syphilis - Answer *Begins about 1-2 yrs after infection & can last up to 50 yrs
,-Only 30% of people with latent syphilis get tertiary syphilis
Tertiary Syphilis - Answer *Can occur from 4 yrs up to 20 yrs
*May be evidenced by tumors (benign lesions or gummas) in the skin, mucus membranes,
bones and liver
-Also seen in a diffuse inflammatory response which targets the nervous and cardiovascular
systems: seizures, hemiplegia, ataxia, constricted pupils, slurred speech, personality changes,
aneurysms, aortic insufficiency, coronary artery stenosis
Syphilis Diagnostic Tests - Answer *Physical exam
*Laboratory tests: cultures, serology tests (looking for antibody VDRL serum test & more rapid
RDR; if VDRL is positive then a more specific test such as FTA-ABS or MHA-TP will be used to
confirm infection); CBC
*Can only be seen with a dark field microscope
Syphilis Tx - Answer *ATB- Penicillin-G IM is drug of choice (tetracycline or doxycycline if
allergic to PCN)
*Wait in facility for 30 min after tx to assess for allergy
*Identify & treat partner; pt education
*Jarisch Herxheimer rxn may occur d/t the sudden destruction of spirocetes & release of toxins:
onset within 2 hrs, peaks in 4-8 hrs & gone in 24 hrs
S/S- generalized aches/pain at injection site, hypotension, vasodilation, fever; treat with
analgesic/antipyretics
Genital Herpes - Answer *Primary infection- usually most severe & lasts 2-3 wks
*Subsequent recurrent infections are often less severe & last 1 wk
*In between infection (latency) the virus lies dormant in nerve ganglia
S/S: lesions on genitals (papules form blisters with clear fluid which contains virus),
itching/tingling 1-2 days before lesions (prodromal SY), lesions rupture & leave painful erosions,
headache, fever, malaise, dysuria & retention, vaginal discharge
, Nursing Care: education on preventing spread, chronic illness, ice packs/warm compresses, sitz
baths, loose clothing, encourage fluids
*Promote healing by: keep lesions clean & dry, use hair dry set on cool to dry lesions after
cleaning, encourage annual pap smears (increased risk of cervical cancer)
Gonorrhea - Answer *Causative organism- Neisseria gonorrheae (gram neg); incubation 2-8
days after exposure
*Transmitted by: vaginal intercourse, oral/genital, anal/genital; infected birth canal to a
newborn
S/S: may be asymptomatic, dysuria, penile discharge yellow-green, "silent infection" more
common in women, abnormal vaginal discharge, urinary frequency; spread may cause PID
Gonorrhea Dx & Tx
*Tx: Rocephin plus doxycycline or Zithromax to treat any concurrent chlamydia infection -
Answer Men- smear of urethral discharge shows gram neg stain
Women- gram neg bacteria is normal vaginal flora, a culture MUST be done
*Must treat all sexual partners from last 30 days
*Tx: Rocephin plus doxycycline or Zithromax to treat any concurrent chlamydia infection
Chlamydia - Answer *MOST common reported STD in US
*S/S: may be asymptomatic, white/thin discharge, increase in vaginal discharge, minor itching,
cervicitis, dysuria/frequency, tenderness
*Can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease (S/S: abd pain, cramping, dysuria, vaginal discharge, GI
upset, fever, severe N&V)
Dx: culture expensive; use rapid test, culture GC also
Tx: Doxycycline, Zithromax
Prematurity - Answer *Occurs after 20 weeks & before 37 weeks gestation
*Risk factors- gestational HTN, multiple preg closely spaced, age <17 and >35; lack of prenatal
care; substance abuse, smoking, previous hx, UTIs, STIs, low socioeconomic status, African
