CHEM 219 Module 2 Exams: Principles of
Organic Chemistry (2025) | Portage Learning –
Verified Q&A
1. What is an addition reaction? ANS It adds atoms or groups of atoms
to the multiple bonds.
2. What is a substituent? ANS Any group attached to the parent chain.
3. Functional group: Amine ANS Contain nitrogen. Example:
Ethylamine - a precursor to certain herbicides. Can be NH2.
4. What is the formula for alkenes? ANS CnH2n
5. How are cycloalkanes named? ANS With the prefix cyclo- in front of
the corresponding alkane name.
6. What are electrophiles? How do they work? ANS A chemical species
that seeks electrons. They are electron-deficient and possess a positive
electrical charge. They attack the ring and bond to a carbon, throwing
off aromaticity. A chemical species removes a hydrogen atom and
donates the electrons back into the ring, restoring aromaticity.
1
, 7. What is ring strain? ANS Angle strain + Torsional strain. Ring strain
destabilizes the molecule and so the molecule tries to adopt a
conformational structure to minimize the strain energy.
8. What are heterocyclic compounds? ANS Cyclic molecules in which
one or more of the atoms making up the ring are elements other than
carbon.
9. The sigma bonds in alkanes are ANS covalent non-polar.
10. What does it mean that the C-C triple bonds in aromatic rings are
conjugated? ANS They are separated by only one C-C sigma bond, so
that it can repeat itself.
11. What are cis-trans isomers? ANS They have the same covalent bond
but different spatial arrangements.
12. What does knowledge of functional groups allow? ANS Another
way of classifying an organic molecule into families.
13. How are halogen atoms as substituents named? ANS Change the -ine
to -o, chlorine = chloro, bromine = bromo.
14. What is a locant? ANS A number used to determine the suffix.
Describes the position of substituents.
2
Organic Chemistry (2025) | Portage Learning –
Verified Q&A
1. What is an addition reaction? ANS It adds atoms or groups of atoms
to the multiple bonds.
2. What is a substituent? ANS Any group attached to the parent chain.
3. Functional group: Amine ANS Contain nitrogen. Example:
Ethylamine - a precursor to certain herbicides. Can be NH2.
4. What is the formula for alkenes? ANS CnH2n
5. How are cycloalkanes named? ANS With the prefix cyclo- in front of
the corresponding alkane name.
6. What are electrophiles? How do they work? ANS A chemical species
that seeks electrons. They are electron-deficient and possess a positive
electrical charge. They attack the ring and bond to a carbon, throwing
off aromaticity. A chemical species removes a hydrogen atom and
donates the electrons back into the ring, restoring aromaticity.
1
, 7. What is ring strain? ANS Angle strain + Torsional strain. Ring strain
destabilizes the molecule and so the molecule tries to adopt a
conformational structure to minimize the strain energy.
8. What are heterocyclic compounds? ANS Cyclic molecules in which
one or more of the atoms making up the ring are elements other than
carbon.
9. The sigma bonds in alkanes are ANS covalent non-polar.
10. What does it mean that the C-C triple bonds in aromatic rings are
conjugated? ANS They are separated by only one C-C sigma bond, so
that it can repeat itself.
11. What are cis-trans isomers? ANS They have the same covalent bond
but different spatial arrangements.
12. What does knowledge of functional groups allow? ANS Another
way of classifying an organic molecule into families.
13. How are halogen atoms as substituents named? ANS Change the -ine
to -o, chlorine = chloro, bromine = bromo.
14. What is a locant? ANS A number used to determine the suffix.
Describes the position of substituents.
2
