ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY | NURS 5315
FINAL EXAM PREP – VERIFIED QUESTIONS AND
RATIONALES
Anion gap level - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅Normal range is 3-10
Osmol gap normal range and heat does an elevated value mean - CORRECT
ANSWER ✅✅✅Normal range is <10 mOsm/kg; elevated levels indicate
ethyl alcohol (etoh) consumption
What triggers renin releases - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅Triggered by
dehydration; involved in the regulation of blood pressure
What does a cirrhosis and HF do to oncotic pressure - CORRECT ANSWER
✅✅✅Increased in cirrhosis; decreased in heart failure
What does an elevated serum osmolality pull - CORRECT ANSWER
✅✅✅Elevated levels pull potassium
What acid base imbalance can thiazide diuretics cause and why - CORRECT
ANSWER ✅✅✅Cause metabolic alkalosis due to aldosterone stimulation of
Na and bicarb reabsorption in proximal tubule
ACIDOSIS r/t potassium - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅Associated with
hyperkalemia
what IL is associated with Crohns and why - CORRECT ANSWER
✅✅✅inflammation associated with IL-4
, Adherence seen with WBC - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅Diapedesis
First line of immune defense and example - CORRECT ANSWER
✅✅✅Innate immunity; intact mucosal
An anamnestic immune response due to maternal antibodies - CORRECT
ANSWER ✅✅✅Hemolytic anemia of a newborn
Flu and infection release - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅Cytokine
Mycobacterium avium - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅Acid fast bacteria with a
super thick cell wall; requires long haul antibiotics to break through
Why are sickle cell pts at a greater risk for pneumococcal infections - CORRECT
ANSWER ✅✅✅due to asplenia
Sickle cell pt get what type of fluid - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅Hypotonic
Used to diagnose hemarthrosis - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅PTT
Iron deficit is common in - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅Common in
childbearing age
Hodgkin's lymphoma CM - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅Reed Sternberg cells,
weight loss, night sweats, enlarged mass on right side of neck
FINAL EXAM PREP – VERIFIED QUESTIONS AND
RATIONALES
Anion gap level - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅Normal range is 3-10
Osmol gap normal range and heat does an elevated value mean - CORRECT
ANSWER ✅✅✅Normal range is <10 mOsm/kg; elevated levels indicate
ethyl alcohol (etoh) consumption
What triggers renin releases - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅Triggered by
dehydration; involved in the regulation of blood pressure
What does a cirrhosis and HF do to oncotic pressure - CORRECT ANSWER
✅✅✅Increased in cirrhosis; decreased in heart failure
What does an elevated serum osmolality pull - CORRECT ANSWER
✅✅✅Elevated levels pull potassium
What acid base imbalance can thiazide diuretics cause and why - CORRECT
ANSWER ✅✅✅Cause metabolic alkalosis due to aldosterone stimulation of
Na and bicarb reabsorption in proximal tubule
ACIDOSIS r/t potassium - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅Associated with
hyperkalemia
what IL is associated with Crohns and why - CORRECT ANSWER
✅✅✅inflammation associated with IL-4
, Adherence seen with WBC - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅Diapedesis
First line of immune defense and example - CORRECT ANSWER
✅✅✅Innate immunity; intact mucosal
An anamnestic immune response due to maternal antibodies - CORRECT
ANSWER ✅✅✅Hemolytic anemia of a newborn
Flu and infection release - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅Cytokine
Mycobacterium avium - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅Acid fast bacteria with a
super thick cell wall; requires long haul antibiotics to break through
Why are sickle cell pts at a greater risk for pneumococcal infections - CORRECT
ANSWER ✅✅✅due to asplenia
Sickle cell pt get what type of fluid - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅Hypotonic
Used to diagnose hemarthrosis - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅PTT
Iron deficit is common in - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅Common in
childbearing age
Hodgkin's lymphoma CM - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅Reed Sternberg cells,
weight loss, night sweats, enlarged mass on right side of neck
