EXSS 181 Sport Psych Test 2025

Which of the following explains why player and coaches often neglect psychological skills training? - -lack of knowledge, lack of time, view of psychological skills as unchangeable (all) In conducting research on the mental preparation of Canadian Olympic athletes, Orlick and Partington found that athletes who performed up to their potential - -developed competitive plans When new psychological skills are being learned, how long should they generally be practiced? - -3-5 days a week, 15-30 minutes a day A baseball player's slump can be caused by what kind of problems? - -psychological, biomechanical, physiological (all) According to Vealey's analysis, which of the following reflects foundation methods in PST training? - -physical practice and education (a & b) The goal of the Sports United to Promote Education and Recreation program (SUPER), developed by Danish and his colleagues, is - -to teach adolescents skills in sport that they can transfer to other aspects of their lives Performance profiling as a means of assessing athletes' mental skills works by asking athletes to - -identify, assess, and compare their own mental skills against those of other elite athletes in their sport Which of the following is a consideration when teaching mental skills to athletes with disabilities? - -developing trust and rapport and ensuring that the venues are accessible (a & c) Experts compared to non-experts - -anticipated opponents' intentions more quickly A new construct called Superior Performance Intelligence has the common thread of - knowing how to maximize your potential and knowing how to work with your environment (a &b) Imagery involves which of the following senses? - -visual, auditory, kinesthetic (all) Vividly imagined events produce an innervation in muscles that is similar to the innervation produced by physically practicing the movement. This is an illustration of - psychoneuromuscular theory EXSS 181 EXSS 181 Imagery functions as a coding system to help individuals acquire movement patterns. This describes - -symbolic learning theory According to the experimental evidence, which of the following is true? - -Imagery is effective in improving the learning and performance of motor skills, and tasks involving mostly cognitive components demonstrate the greatest positive benefits (a & b) Triple code theory refers to what three parts of the image? - -image itself, image meaning, somatic response to the image Which of the following statements is true? - -individuals should image mostly successful events but also learn to cope with an occasional failure Bioinformational theory states that images have two propositions called - -response and stimulus propositions Which of the following situations involving the use of imagery might result in negative consequences or outcomes? - -imagery creating too much anxiety, imagery directing attention to irrelevant cues, and imagery that makes a performer overconfident (all) Exercise imagery has been shown to have several functions, including - -improving exercise technique & helping develop routines (a & b) The two sensations that are emphasized in autogenic training are - -warmth and heaviness The premise of stress inoculation training is to - -expose the person to increasing amounts of stress, thereby enhancing the person's immunity to stress Which of the following is NOT a tenet of progressive relaxation? - -tension and relaxation can occur simultaneously The matching hypothesis refers to - -matching the type of anxiety management technique to the specific anxiety problem of each athlete Which of the following statemetns regarding hypnosis is true? - -The more open individuals are to receiving suggestions, the more likely they will benefit from hypnosis, and negative suggestions almost always result in a decrease in performance (a &b) The two most widely accepted coping categories are known as - -problem-focused coping and emotion-focused coping Which of the following is true in terms of resiliency? - -the essence of resiliency is the use of different coping strategies to being resilient and mental toughness is seen as critical to being resilient (b & c) EXSS 181 EXSS 181 Cognitive restructuring attempts to - -identify and modify stress-inducing self-statements Which of the following is true? - -Athletes use more physical than mental for sport, athletes use more mental than physical for everyday, pro athletes use more relaxation than collegiate (all) Focusing on performance (as opposed to outcome goals) during competition has been shown to be associated with ___ anxiety and ___ performance. - -less; superior Studies of goal setting in business have concluded that - -goal setting works very well The mechanistic explanation for the effectiveness of goal setting includes - -directing the performer's attention to important elements of a skill, mobilizing effort and increasing persistence by providing incentives, the development and employment of new learning strategies (all) Having a goal to win the race is an example of an ___ goal, whereas having a goal to "improve my best time" is an example of a ___ goal. - -outcome; performance Which of the following is a common problem when setting goals? - -failing to adjust goals & failing to recognize individual differences (b & c) In developing a goal-setting program, it is important for individuals to set - -process, performance, and outcome goals Which of the following is true regarding goal-setting practices of high school and collegiate coaches? - -The only disadvantage noted was setting goals unrealistically high. Simply telling an athlete to "do your best" is - -not specific enough In an attempt to build hope, Gould and colleagues created the Power 4W program. Which of the following is NOT one of the Power 4W components? - -wade power Mullin and Hardy found that the most effective types of goals that helped athletes overcome the negative effects of anxiety on performance were - -performance-oriented goals Which of the following statements regarding self-efficacy is true? - -SOS According to Rosenthal and Jacobson's study on teachers' expectancies and students' performances, - -children identified as "late bloomers" exhibited the greatest gains in IQ Which of the following is true? - -coaches spend more time with high-expectancy athletes & coaches show more positive affect to high-expectancy athletes EXSS 181 EXSS 181 The four-step process concerning the formation of a coach's expectations and the effects of those expectations on the coach's and athlete's behavior signifies that - coaches should continually reevaluate an athlete's ability throughout the season & coaches should carefully monitor their quantity and quality of reinforcement and instructional feedback Collective efficacy refers to - -each individual's perception of the efficacy of the team as a whole Coaching efficacy is composed of all of the following areas except - -playing experience The strongest and most dependable info. on which to base self-efficacy judgments comes from - -performance accomplishments According to recent research on the "hot hand" in basketball, if a coach needed to choose a player to take the last critical shot, he should choose - -the player with the hot hand who is also generally a good shooter Research indicates that high-ability golfers relied on ___ for efficacy info whereas lower ability golfers relied on ___ for efficacy info. - -handicap; previous practice McAuley and colleagues conducted a study investigating efficacy and adherence for 60- to 80- year-old exercisers over a 12-month period. When did these exercisers exhibit the lowest level of efficacy-related adherence? - -at the end of the 12-month program According to the text, "choking" should be defined as - -a process that leads to impaired performance when good performance is the norm Research investigating differences between experts and novices concludes that these differences are in large part due to experts' ability to - -attend more to advance info. to make faster decisions & predict the flight pattern of a ball (a & b) Tennis and baseball players are able to successfully hit balls traveling toward them at high speeds b/c - -they have learned to predict the flight of the ball by using advanced attentional cues According to the new theories of multiple resource pools, attentional capacity is - distributed throughout the nervous system "Ironic processes in sport" refers to - -the idea that trying not to perform an action can trigger its occurrence accidentally The concept of attentional alertness operates under the assumption that increases in arousal - -narrow attention EXSS 181 EXSS 181 According to a summary of 25 years of research on association and dissociation, - dissociation can reduce the fatigue and monotony of training or recreational runs In a study by Jordet and Harman on choking in soccer, they found that a player was more likely to choke in a shootout when - -a goal would tie the game In a review of the self-talk literature, Hatzigeorgiadis and colleagues found - -self-talk significantly improved performance "An openhearted, moment-to-moment, non-judgmental awareness of oneself and of the world." This is the definition of - -mindfulness In a study by Smith, Smoll, and Ptacek examining the relationships between life stress, social support, coping skills, and injury, the researchers found that - -athletes with high levels of life stress and low levels of social support and coping exhibited the highest injury rates Which of the following is NOT one of the five stages of grief reaction? - -rationalization Based on a study of injured elite skiers, which of the following was NOT a recommendation to coaches for helping athletes cope with season-ending injuries and for facilitating rehab? - -motivate by pushing the athlete hard to improve A variety of studies have investigated the effect of psychological training on adherence to injury rehab protocols. Which of the following psychological factors was found to be related to rehab adherence? - -self-motivation & positive self-talk (a & b) Which of the following characteristics was identified by athletic trainers as a way to distinguish between athletes who coped most successfully with injury and those who coped least successfully? - -willingness to listen to the trainer & maintaining a positive attitude about injury Which of the following is a psychological skill employed during the rehab process? - goal setting & self-talk (a & b) Research by Perna and colleagues using cognitive-behavioral stress management on rowers found - -a decrease in days lost due to injury