ANAT 100 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS!!
list the layers of the heart wall and pericardium from deep to superficial
-endocardium
-myocardium
-epicardium
-parietal pericardium
-fibrous pericardium
the 4 chambers of the heart
2 atria and 2 ventricles
(R atrium, L atrium, R ventricle, L ventricle)
blood HAS to enter heart thru one of 2 atria to go deeper
what does the right atrium do
receives blood from BODY; via vena cava (superior & inferior)
what does the right ventricle do
pumps blood (deoxy) to the LUNGS (forms most of anterior surface)
what does the left atrium do
receives blood (oxy) from LUNGS via 4 pulmonary veins (2 each lung)
what does the left ventricle do
pumps blood to BODY (forms apex of heart)
what are sulci (on heart)
grooves on surface of heart containing coronary blood vessels and fat (not visible til you remove
the bld vessels and fat) (protect and support)
what are the great vessels (5)
,major arteries and veins connected to the heart (aorta, sup.& inf. vena cava, pulmonary trunk,
pulmonary veins)
what divides the R and L sides of the heart (internally)
interventricular septum
what is another word for the visceral layer of the serous pericardium when talking about
the layers of the heart wall
epicardium
what is the myocardium
cardiac muscle, bulk of the heart wall
what is the endocardium
valves and chamber lining (inner surface)
-helps reduce bld clots bc very smooth, dense connective tissue
do atria have thin or thick walls and why
thin bc they don't move blood long distances, just to ventricles
do ventricles have think or think walls and why
thick and string bc they move blood further distance and need more strength
which ventricle is thicker, L or R and why
L ventricle is thicker bc it pumps blood around whole body whereas R only pumps blood to
lungs
what do heart valves do and why are they important
- they prevent backflow of blood; regulate one-way flow through heart
what are AV valves and what do they do
atrioventricular valves (btwn artria and ventricles)
-prevent backflow of blood from ventricles to atria
, what are they two types of AV valves and where are they (what do they do)
-bicuspid (mitral) valve: btwn L atria and ventricle
-tricupid valve: btwn R atria and ventricle
what is the role of chordae tendineae and papillary muscles
-chordae tendineae stabilize the cuspids to prevent inversion (attach to leaflets of AV valves to
pap. muscles; stringy looking)
-papillary muscles hold the chordae in place
what are the two types of SL valves and where are they (what do they do)
semilunar (btwn ventricles and arteries)
-pulmonary SLV: prevents backflow of bld from pulmonary trunk to R ventricle
-aortic SLV: prevents backflow of bld from aorta to L ventricle
what does circulation of blood mean
blood flow TO the heart
what does the systemic circuit include
- all bld vessels except the ones going to the lungs
what does the pulmonary circuit include
-start and end at heart but includes lungs
what side of the heart does the systemic circuit use and what does it do
L side of heart, pumps oxy bld to body
describe the steps in the systemic circuit (start L vent. end R atrium)
1. L ventricle (oxy bld)
2. aorta
3. arteries (supply organs)
4. arterioles (in tissues)
5. capillaries (gas and nutrient exchange)
CORRECT ANSWERS!!
list the layers of the heart wall and pericardium from deep to superficial
-endocardium
-myocardium
-epicardium
-parietal pericardium
-fibrous pericardium
the 4 chambers of the heart
2 atria and 2 ventricles
(R atrium, L atrium, R ventricle, L ventricle)
blood HAS to enter heart thru one of 2 atria to go deeper
what does the right atrium do
receives blood from BODY; via vena cava (superior & inferior)
what does the right ventricle do
pumps blood (deoxy) to the LUNGS (forms most of anterior surface)
what does the left atrium do
receives blood (oxy) from LUNGS via 4 pulmonary veins (2 each lung)
what does the left ventricle do
pumps blood to BODY (forms apex of heart)
what are sulci (on heart)
grooves on surface of heart containing coronary blood vessels and fat (not visible til you remove
the bld vessels and fat) (protect and support)
what are the great vessels (5)
,major arteries and veins connected to the heart (aorta, sup.& inf. vena cava, pulmonary trunk,
pulmonary veins)
what divides the R and L sides of the heart (internally)
interventricular septum
what is another word for the visceral layer of the serous pericardium when talking about
the layers of the heart wall
epicardium
what is the myocardium
cardiac muscle, bulk of the heart wall
what is the endocardium
valves and chamber lining (inner surface)
-helps reduce bld clots bc very smooth, dense connective tissue
do atria have thin or thick walls and why
thin bc they don't move blood long distances, just to ventricles
do ventricles have think or think walls and why
thick and string bc they move blood further distance and need more strength
which ventricle is thicker, L or R and why
L ventricle is thicker bc it pumps blood around whole body whereas R only pumps blood to
lungs
what do heart valves do and why are they important
- they prevent backflow of blood; regulate one-way flow through heart
what are AV valves and what do they do
atrioventricular valves (btwn artria and ventricles)
-prevent backflow of blood from ventricles to atria
, what are they two types of AV valves and where are they (what do they do)
-bicuspid (mitral) valve: btwn L atria and ventricle
-tricupid valve: btwn R atria and ventricle
what is the role of chordae tendineae and papillary muscles
-chordae tendineae stabilize the cuspids to prevent inversion (attach to leaflets of AV valves to
pap. muscles; stringy looking)
-papillary muscles hold the chordae in place
what are the two types of SL valves and where are they (what do they do)
semilunar (btwn ventricles and arteries)
-pulmonary SLV: prevents backflow of bld from pulmonary trunk to R ventricle
-aortic SLV: prevents backflow of bld from aorta to L ventricle
what does circulation of blood mean
blood flow TO the heart
what does the systemic circuit include
- all bld vessels except the ones going to the lungs
what does the pulmonary circuit include
-start and end at heart but includes lungs
what side of the heart does the systemic circuit use and what does it do
L side of heart, pumps oxy bld to body
describe the steps in the systemic circuit (start L vent. end R atrium)
1. L ventricle (oxy bld)
2. aorta
3. arteries (supply organs)
4. arterioles (in tissues)
5. capillaries (gas and nutrient exchange)
