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KSU Bio 198 Exam 5 Questions and
Correct Answers/ Latest Update / Already
Graded
Describe the First and Second Laws of Thermodynamics and explain
why they are important to the cellular energetics.
Ans: 1st - energy cannot be created or destroyed, only change
forms.
• This is important because all living things need a constant
energy source (the sun)
2nd - when transforming energy, some is lost as heat (10%
between trophic levels)
Define endergonic and exergonic reactions and describe how they are
linked in cellular energetics.
Ans: Endergonic - requires energy (hydrolysis; splitting
molecules)
Exergonic - releases energy (condensation; putting molecules
together)
Describe the basic structure of ATP, understand how it stores and
releases cellular energy (i.e. its role as an energy carrier), and the
relationship of ATP to exergonic and endergonic reactions.
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Ans: ATP is the energy carrier of cells. It powers cell actions.
short term usable energy
Adenine, ribose (5-carbon sugar) and 3 phosphate groups
ATP loses a phosphate group (exergonic) which creates ADP
ADP gains a phosphate group (endergonic) which created ATP
Describe oxidation and reduction reactions and explain their
relationship to endergonic and exergonic reactions.
Ans: Oxidation - electrons are REMOVED from substances
when breaking molecules (endergonic)
Reduction - electrons are ADDED. molecules are synthesized.
(exergonic)
Oxidation and reduction ALWAYS happen together (redox
reactions)
Describe the process of diffusion and the factors that influence
diffusion rates.
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Ans: Diffusion - moving from high concentration to low
concentration
- small non-polar molecules diffuse best (carbon dioxide,
oxygen)
- CAN occur across membranes
Describe selective permeability and how it influences movement of
materials across plasma membranes, including what types of
molecules easily pass through the membrane and what cannot.
Ans: Selective permeability - allows some things to pass
through, but not all. Membrane is asymmetric (inside and
outside are different). Only non-polar molecules can pass
through because the plasma membrane is polar (thei r charges
are repelled)
Describe facilitated diffusion and active transport, the differences
between them, and when the cell might use each transport type.
Ans: facilitated diffusion - materials diffuse across plasma
membrane with help from membrane bound proteins; uses
glucose, amino acids, and ions.
Proteins shield polar molecules from repulsive forces of
membrane, allowing for diffusion
Material that needs transported first attaches to the protein or
glycoprotein
All rights reserved © 2025/ 2026 |
KSU Bio 198 Exam 5 Questions and
Correct Answers/ Latest Update / Already
Graded
Describe the First and Second Laws of Thermodynamics and explain
why they are important to the cellular energetics.
Ans: 1st - energy cannot be created or destroyed, only change
forms.
• This is important because all living things need a constant
energy source (the sun)
2nd - when transforming energy, some is lost as heat (10%
between trophic levels)
Define endergonic and exergonic reactions and describe how they are
linked in cellular energetics.
Ans: Endergonic - requires energy (hydrolysis; splitting
molecules)
Exergonic - releases energy (condensation; putting molecules
together)
Describe the basic structure of ATP, understand how it stores and
releases cellular energy (i.e. its role as an energy carrier), and the
relationship of ATP to exergonic and endergonic reactions.
All rights reserved © 2025/ 2026 |
, Page |2
Ans: ATP is the energy carrier of cells. It powers cell actions.
short term usable energy
Adenine, ribose (5-carbon sugar) and 3 phosphate groups
ATP loses a phosphate group (exergonic) which creates ADP
ADP gains a phosphate group (endergonic) which created ATP
Describe oxidation and reduction reactions and explain their
relationship to endergonic and exergonic reactions.
Ans: Oxidation - electrons are REMOVED from substances
when breaking molecules (endergonic)
Reduction - electrons are ADDED. molecules are synthesized.
(exergonic)
Oxidation and reduction ALWAYS happen together (redox
reactions)
Describe the process of diffusion and the factors that influence
diffusion rates.
All rights reserved © 2025/ 2026 |
, Page |3
Ans: Diffusion - moving from high concentration to low
concentration
- small non-polar molecules diffuse best (carbon dioxide,
oxygen)
- CAN occur across membranes
Describe selective permeability and how it influences movement of
materials across plasma membranes, including what types of
molecules easily pass through the membrane and what cannot.
Ans: Selective permeability - allows some things to pass
through, but not all. Membrane is asymmetric (inside and
outside are different). Only non-polar molecules can pass
through because the plasma membrane is polar (thei r charges
are repelled)
Describe facilitated diffusion and active transport, the differences
between them, and when the cell might use each transport type.
Ans: facilitated diffusion - materials diffuse across plasma
membrane with help from membrane bound proteins; uses
glucose, amino acids, and ions.
Proteins shield polar molecules from repulsive forces of
membrane, allowing for diffusion
Material that needs transported first attaches to the protein or
glycoprotein
All rights reserved © 2025/ 2026 |
