WGU C190 Final Exam (Latest 2025/ 2026 Update)
Introduction to Biology Guide| Q/A | 100% Correct
(Verified Answers)
Abiotic -:answers :-Non-living, may be within or made by a living organism.
Allele -:answers :-An alternative form of a gene.
Haploid -:answers :-An organism or cell having only one complete set of
chromosomes.
Centromere -:answers :-Region of a chromosome where the two sister chromatids
attach
somatic cell -:answers :-Any of the cells of a plant or animal except the reproductive
cells.
Meiosis -:answers :-Cell division that produces reproductive cells in sexually
reproducing organisms
germ cell -:answers :-a reproductive cell
Gamete -:answers :-Specialized cell involved in sexual reproduction
,Zygote -:answers :-Fertilized egg
tumor suppressor gene -:answers :-a gene that codes for regulator proteins that
prevent the cell from undergoing uncontrolled division
Photo-oncogene -:answers :-Genes that encourage cell division.
Mutation -:answers :-A rare change in the DNA of a gene, ultimately creating genetic
diversity.
Mutagen -:answers :-A chemical or physical agent that interacts with DNA and causes
a mutation.
Carcinogen -:answers :-Cancer causing mutagen.
sister chromatid -:answers :-one of a pair of identical chromosomes created before a
cell divides
Prophase -:answers :-Chromatin condenses into chromosomes
Metaphase -:answers :-Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell
Anaphase -:answers :-Phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes separate and move
to opposite ends of the cell
Telophase -:answers :-the final stage of meiosis when the chromosomes move toward
opposite ends of the nuclear spindle
asexual reproduction -:answers :-Process by which a single parent reproduces by itself
,clone -:answers :-An organism that is genetically identical to the organism from which
it was produced
sexual reproduction -:answers :-type of reproduction in which cells from two parents
unite to form the first cell of a new organism
crossing over -:answers :-Process in which homologous chromosomes exchange
portions of their chromatids during meiosis.
Meiosis I -:answers :-Separates homologous chromosomes
Meiosis II -:answers :-sister chromatids separate
Metaphase I -:answers :-Pairs of homologous chromosomes move to the equator of
the cell.
Anaphase I -:answers :-Homologous chrmosomes move to the oppisite poles of the
cell.
Telophase I -:answers :-Cytoplasm divides, 2 daughter cells are formed
Meiosis I -:answers :-Homologous chromosomes separate. Ends with the production
of 2 haploid daughter cells.
dihybrid cross -:answers :-A cross between individuals that have different alleles for
the same gene
F1 generation -:answers :-the first generation of offspring obtained from an
experimental cross of two organisms
, F2 generation -:answers :-Offspring resulting from interbreeding of the hybrid F1
generation.
Genotype -:answers :-genetic makeup of an organism
Heterozygous -:answers :-An organism that has two different alleles for a trait
Homozygous -:answers :-An organism that has two identical alleles for a trait
law of independent assortment -:answers :-the law that states that genes separate
independently of one another in meiosis
Law of Segregation -:answers :-first law of heredity stating that pairs of alleles for a
trait separate when gametes are formed
Gene -:answers :-DNA segments that serve as the key functional units in hereditary
transmission.
monohybrid cross -:answers :-A cross between individuals that involves one pair of
contrasting traits
P generation -:answers :-Parental generation, the first two individuals that mate in a
genetic cross
Phenotype -:answers :-An organism's physical appearance, or visible traits.
Punnett Square -:answers :-A chart that shows all the possible combinations of alleles
that can result from a genetic cross
Introduction to Biology Guide| Q/A | 100% Correct
(Verified Answers)
Abiotic -:answers :-Non-living, may be within or made by a living organism.
Allele -:answers :-An alternative form of a gene.
Haploid -:answers :-An organism or cell having only one complete set of
chromosomes.
Centromere -:answers :-Region of a chromosome where the two sister chromatids
attach
somatic cell -:answers :-Any of the cells of a plant or animal except the reproductive
cells.
Meiosis -:answers :-Cell division that produces reproductive cells in sexually
reproducing organisms
germ cell -:answers :-a reproductive cell
Gamete -:answers :-Specialized cell involved in sexual reproduction
,Zygote -:answers :-Fertilized egg
tumor suppressor gene -:answers :-a gene that codes for regulator proteins that
prevent the cell from undergoing uncontrolled division
Photo-oncogene -:answers :-Genes that encourage cell division.
Mutation -:answers :-A rare change in the DNA of a gene, ultimately creating genetic
diversity.
Mutagen -:answers :-A chemical or physical agent that interacts with DNA and causes
a mutation.
Carcinogen -:answers :-Cancer causing mutagen.
sister chromatid -:answers :-one of a pair of identical chromosomes created before a
cell divides
Prophase -:answers :-Chromatin condenses into chromosomes
Metaphase -:answers :-Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell
Anaphase -:answers :-Phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes separate and move
to opposite ends of the cell
Telophase -:answers :-the final stage of meiosis when the chromosomes move toward
opposite ends of the nuclear spindle
asexual reproduction -:answers :-Process by which a single parent reproduces by itself
,clone -:answers :-An organism that is genetically identical to the organism from which
it was produced
sexual reproduction -:answers :-type of reproduction in which cells from two parents
unite to form the first cell of a new organism
crossing over -:answers :-Process in which homologous chromosomes exchange
portions of their chromatids during meiosis.
Meiosis I -:answers :-Separates homologous chromosomes
Meiosis II -:answers :-sister chromatids separate
Metaphase I -:answers :-Pairs of homologous chromosomes move to the equator of
the cell.
Anaphase I -:answers :-Homologous chrmosomes move to the oppisite poles of the
cell.
Telophase I -:answers :-Cytoplasm divides, 2 daughter cells are formed
Meiosis I -:answers :-Homologous chromosomes separate. Ends with the production
of 2 haploid daughter cells.
dihybrid cross -:answers :-A cross between individuals that have different alleles for
the same gene
F1 generation -:answers :-the first generation of offspring obtained from an
experimental cross of two organisms
, F2 generation -:answers :-Offspring resulting from interbreeding of the hybrid F1
generation.
Genotype -:answers :-genetic makeup of an organism
Heterozygous -:answers :-An organism that has two different alleles for a trait
Homozygous -:answers :-An organism that has two identical alleles for a trait
law of independent assortment -:answers :-the law that states that genes separate
independently of one another in meiosis
Law of Segregation -:answers :-first law of heredity stating that pairs of alleles for a
trait separate when gametes are formed
Gene -:answers :-DNA segments that serve as the key functional units in hereditary
transmission.
monohybrid cross -:answers :-A cross between individuals that involves one pair of
contrasting traits
P generation -:answers :-Parental generation, the first two individuals that mate in a
genetic cross
Phenotype -:answers :-An organism's physical appearance, or visible traits.
Punnett Square -:answers :-A chart that shows all the possible combinations of alleles
that can result from a genetic cross
