BIO 331 Exam Questions Correct Answers Current Latest Updated 2025

All cells are surrounded by... - -cell membrane The cell membrane allows cells to maintain... - -compartments Cell membranes control... - -what goes in and out of the cell What are the 3 main domains of the living world? - -Bacteria, archaea and eukaryotes Do species have similarities in their genetic code? - -Yes, while species have diversity, they have some similarities across their genetic code. How many amino acids are there? - -20 amino acids Where does the code for animo acid come from? - -DNA How do amino acids differ? - -R group How are amino acids joined? - -peptide bonds How are amino acids grouped? - -by the properties of their side chains Where are polar side chains when a protein folds? - -They lie on the outside of the protein Where are non polar side chains when a protein folds? - -They lie on the inside of the protein Why are polar side chains on the outside of the protein? - -To interact with water how can secondary and tertiary structure be predicted? - -amino acid sequence What are protein assemblies? - -filaments that span a whole cell What do protein assemblies depend on? - -subunits and location of binding sites What subunits does actin have? - -globular What structure do actin subunits have when combined together? - -long helical structure BIO 331 BIO 331 When a triple helix is formed... - -there is an orderly but flexible shape What traits describe disordered proteins? - -unstructured and loosely linked Are disordered proteins important? - -Disordered proteins have many functions throughout the cell What is self assembly? - -Individual subunits combine together to form fully functional viruses. What do all proteins interact with? - -All proteins interact with other proteins How are enzymes beneficial to us? - -1 Drug discovery 2 Large scale development of useful chemicals 3 Understanding cell/organism functions What are the 2 enzyme substrate interaction models? - -Lock and key Induced fit What is the lock and key model? - -substrate and enzyme must fit exactly What is the induced fit model? - -enzyme changes shape as substrate binds Can enzymes be inhibited? - -Yes What is GTP? - -way to control protein activity What is GTP bound to? - -GTPases Can multiple ubiquitin bind to a single protein? - -Yes How do ubiquitin attach to proteins? - -Covalently The higher the affinity... - -the harder it is to break structures apart Why are enzymes made? - -to perform reactions As substrate concentration increases... - -enzyme activity increases What eventually happens to enzyme activity? - -It will plateau What happens when enzymes interact with substrate? - --make reactions happen faster -lower activation energy for reactions What is more difficult to stop a, an enzyme with 1 inhibitor or an enzyme with multiple inhibitors? - -enzyme with 1 inhibitor, it has less chances BIO 331 BIO 331 When something phosphorylates, what word is associated? - -When something phosphorylates, it has the word kinase When something dephosphorylates, what word is assoiated? - -When something dephosphorylates, it has the word phosphatases What turns a protein on and off? - -kinase and phosphatases What happens when a protein hydrolyzes GTP? - -The prote