Pedorthics Midterm Review
What bones are found in the lesser tarsus? - ANS-Navicular and cuboid
Which joint of the foot is a composite joint with two different joint axes? - ANS-Midtarsal joint
(MTJ)
In this image identify where the index finger and thumb are placed to determine sub-talar neutral
- ANS-Palpate the lateral tailor head and medial tailor head (dimples)
When the talocrural joint plantar flexes what is the secondary motion seen? - ANS-Forefoot
adduction and Inversion
What are the primary motions of the subtalor joint? - ANS-Inversion and eversion
Which is true below?
a. STJ everted (pronated), MTJ joints axis are non-parallel, MTJs rigid b. STJ
everted(pronated), MTJ joints axis are parallel, MTJs rigid
c. STJ inverted (supinated), MTJ joints axis are parallel, MTJs flexible
d. STJ everted(pronated), MTJ joints axis are non-parallel, MTJs flexible
e. STJ inverted (supinated), MTJ joints axis are non-parallel, MTJs rigid - ANS-STJ inverted
(supinated), MTJ joints axis are non-parallel, MTJs rigid
What is true for the Medial Foot Column?
a. More rigid than the Lateral Foot Column
b. Carries 70% of the load
c. Contains Metatarsals 4-5
d. Carries 30% of the load - ANS-Carries 70% of the load
The fifth metatarsal axis is 20° from the transverse plane and 35° from the sagittal plane so
what are its actions? - ANS-PF with inversion and DF with eversion
Which of the bones listed below is NOT a "Hot Spot" (potential areas for fitting concerns)?
a. 5th metatarsal head
b. Head of the talus
c. Medial malleolus
d. Navicular
e. 1st metatarsal head - ANS-Head of the talus
Which bony prominences may be a problem of concern for patients with internal rotatory
deformity (IRD)? - ANS-Navicular
The picture to the right depicts which of the following? - ANS-Pes planus
, What are causes of rotatory deformities?
a. Muscle imbalance
b. Muscle weakness
c. Boney anomalies
d. Spasticity
e. All of the above - ANS-All of the above
The tarsus contains which of these bones? - ANS-Calcaneus
Pes cavus includes which of the following?
a. Forefoot Adduction
b. Calcaneal valgus
c. Mid-foot pronation
d. Forefoot Abduction - ANS-Forefoot adduction
What happens in the windlass affect? - ANS-Increased cavus (arch heightens)
T/F, The "ST Modification" prevents the sustentaculum tali from collapsing medially, which
prevents calcaneal valgus - ANS-True
Which of these ligaments, also known as the "spring ligament" helps
maintain the medial longitudinal arch:
a. Plantar Calcaneotibial
b. Plantar Calcanieotalus
c. Plantar Cuboidonavicular
d. Plantar Aponeurosis
e. Plantar Calcaneonavicular - ANS-Plantar Calcaneonavicular
What is the 3 point force system to control adduction in the forefoot for UCBLs? - ANS-1st
metatarsal head, proximal to 5th metatarsal base, medial calcaneus
Internal Rotatory Deformity (IRD) includes the following:
a. The forefoot adducts and the midfoot pronates
b. The forefoot adducts and the midfoot pronates
c. The forefoot abducts and the tibia externally rotates
d. The forefoot adducts and the tibia externally rotates
e. The forefoot abducts and the midfoot pronates - ANS-The forefoot abducts and the midfoot
pronates
Inversion? IRD or ERD - ANS-ERD
Flatfoot? IRD or ERD - ANS-IRD
What bones are found in the lesser tarsus? - ANS-Navicular and cuboid
Which joint of the foot is a composite joint with two different joint axes? - ANS-Midtarsal joint
(MTJ)
In this image identify where the index finger and thumb are placed to determine sub-talar neutral
- ANS-Palpate the lateral tailor head and medial tailor head (dimples)
When the talocrural joint plantar flexes what is the secondary motion seen? - ANS-Forefoot
adduction and Inversion
What are the primary motions of the subtalor joint? - ANS-Inversion and eversion
Which is true below?
a. STJ everted (pronated), MTJ joints axis are non-parallel, MTJs rigid b. STJ
everted(pronated), MTJ joints axis are parallel, MTJs rigid
c. STJ inverted (supinated), MTJ joints axis are parallel, MTJs flexible
d. STJ everted(pronated), MTJ joints axis are non-parallel, MTJs flexible
e. STJ inverted (supinated), MTJ joints axis are non-parallel, MTJs rigid - ANS-STJ inverted
(supinated), MTJ joints axis are non-parallel, MTJs rigid
What is true for the Medial Foot Column?
a. More rigid than the Lateral Foot Column
b. Carries 70% of the load
c. Contains Metatarsals 4-5
d. Carries 30% of the load - ANS-Carries 70% of the load
The fifth metatarsal axis is 20° from the transverse plane and 35° from the sagittal plane so
what are its actions? - ANS-PF with inversion and DF with eversion
Which of the bones listed below is NOT a "Hot Spot" (potential areas for fitting concerns)?
a. 5th metatarsal head
b. Head of the talus
c. Medial malleolus
d. Navicular
e. 1st metatarsal head - ANS-Head of the talus
Which bony prominences may be a problem of concern for patients with internal rotatory
deformity (IRD)? - ANS-Navicular
The picture to the right depicts which of the following? - ANS-Pes planus
, What are causes of rotatory deformities?
a. Muscle imbalance
b. Muscle weakness
c. Boney anomalies
d. Spasticity
e. All of the above - ANS-All of the above
The tarsus contains which of these bones? - ANS-Calcaneus
Pes cavus includes which of the following?
a. Forefoot Adduction
b. Calcaneal valgus
c. Mid-foot pronation
d. Forefoot Abduction - ANS-Forefoot adduction
What happens in the windlass affect? - ANS-Increased cavus (arch heightens)
T/F, The "ST Modification" prevents the sustentaculum tali from collapsing medially, which
prevents calcaneal valgus - ANS-True
Which of these ligaments, also known as the "spring ligament" helps
maintain the medial longitudinal arch:
a. Plantar Calcaneotibial
b. Plantar Calcanieotalus
c. Plantar Cuboidonavicular
d. Plantar Aponeurosis
e. Plantar Calcaneonavicular - ANS-Plantar Calcaneonavicular
What is the 3 point force system to control adduction in the forefoot for UCBLs? - ANS-1st
metatarsal head, proximal to 5th metatarsal base, medial calcaneus
Internal Rotatory Deformity (IRD) includes the following:
a. The forefoot adducts and the midfoot pronates
b. The forefoot adducts and the midfoot pronates
c. The forefoot abducts and the tibia externally rotates
d. The forefoot adducts and the tibia externally rotates
e. The forefoot abducts and the midfoot pronates - ANS-The forefoot abducts and the midfoot
pronates
Inversion? IRD or ERD - ANS-ERD
Flatfoot? IRD or ERD - ANS-IRD
