Neurobiology of Addiction Final –
Developmental Neuro Exam 1 Review.
Three Types of Drug Use - Answer: ✅✅
1) Occasional or controlled use
2) Drug abuse or harmful use
3) Drug addiction as characterized by dependence
What is Drug Addiction? - Answer: ✅✅-A chronic, relapsing disease
Relapse - Answer: ✅✅
-Taking a drug again after you have attempted to quit
-Risk of relapse is above 60%
-Results from changes in brain circuits
Frequency and Cost of Addiction - Answer: ✅✅
-15% of the US population suffered from substance-abuse disorders.
-Costs billions each ear
Opioids - Answer: ✅✅
-Intense initial high
-Severe discomfort during disuse
Alcohol - Answer: ✅✅
-Can occur with daily episodes are prolonged days of heavy drinking.
Exam with Verified Answers.
,-Some people go through binge/withdrawal cycle while others must have
alcohol available at all times to prevent withdrawal.
Tobacco - Answer: ✅✅
-Not associated with binge-like behavior
-Highly titrated throughout waking hours
Psychostimulants (Cocaine, Amphetamines) - Answer: ✅✅-
Binge/intoxication staged followed by a crash associated with dysphoria and
inactivity
Dysphoria - Answer: ✅✅-A state of unease or generalized dissatisfaction
with life.
Marijuana - Answer: ✅✅-Significant intoxication stage and follows tobacco
and opioid-like addiction patterns.
Dependence View of Addiction - Answer: ✅✅-Severe disturbances when a
drug is discontinued.
Psychiatric View of Addiction - Answer: ✅✅
-Shift from impulse control disorder to a compulsive disorder.
-Shift from positive reinforcement to negative reinforcement.
Cycle of Addiction - Answer: ✅✅-Preoccupation/anticipation -->
binge/intoxication --> withdrawal/negative affect
Psychodynamic View of Addiction - Answer: ✅✅
Exam with Verified Answers.
, -Disordered emotions and disordered self-care may lead to addiction.
-Because those people cannot cope with their extreme emotions.
-Self-medication is drug-specific.
Social Psychological and Self-Regulation Views of Addiction - Answer: ✅✅
-Addiction caused by failures in self-regulation
-Initial lapse in self-regulation leads to spiraling distress that sets the stage
for repeated failures to self-regulate.
-Frontal lobe dysfunction is a risk-factor for addiction.
Vulnerability to Addiction - Answer: ✅✅
-Psychological disorders can predispose a person to addiction.
-Adolescent exposure to drugs can increase change of addiction.
-Substance abuse estimated to be about 40% heritable.
-Certain populations protected against substance abuse.
Neuroadaptational Views of Addiction - Answer: ✅✅
-Behavioral and psychomotor sensitization.
-"Wanting" of the drug increases.
-No causal relationship between drug liking and drug wanting.
-Not correct theory because people who take drugs show tolerance, not
sensitization.
-However, sensitization of neural structures persists, which may result in
long-term relapse.
Counteradaptation and Opponent Processes - Answer: ✅✅
-Homeostatic changes in systems that mediate drug effects.
Exam with Verified Answers.
Developmental Neuro Exam 1 Review.
Three Types of Drug Use - Answer: ✅✅
1) Occasional or controlled use
2) Drug abuse or harmful use
3) Drug addiction as characterized by dependence
What is Drug Addiction? - Answer: ✅✅-A chronic, relapsing disease
Relapse - Answer: ✅✅
-Taking a drug again after you have attempted to quit
-Risk of relapse is above 60%
-Results from changes in brain circuits
Frequency and Cost of Addiction - Answer: ✅✅
-15% of the US population suffered from substance-abuse disorders.
-Costs billions each ear
Opioids - Answer: ✅✅
-Intense initial high
-Severe discomfort during disuse
Alcohol - Answer: ✅✅
-Can occur with daily episodes are prolonged days of heavy drinking.
Exam with Verified Answers.
,-Some people go through binge/withdrawal cycle while others must have
alcohol available at all times to prevent withdrawal.
Tobacco - Answer: ✅✅
-Not associated with binge-like behavior
-Highly titrated throughout waking hours
Psychostimulants (Cocaine, Amphetamines) - Answer: ✅✅-
Binge/intoxication staged followed by a crash associated with dysphoria and
inactivity
Dysphoria - Answer: ✅✅-A state of unease or generalized dissatisfaction
with life.
Marijuana - Answer: ✅✅-Significant intoxication stage and follows tobacco
and opioid-like addiction patterns.
Dependence View of Addiction - Answer: ✅✅-Severe disturbances when a
drug is discontinued.
Psychiatric View of Addiction - Answer: ✅✅
-Shift from impulse control disorder to a compulsive disorder.
-Shift from positive reinforcement to negative reinforcement.
Cycle of Addiction - Answer: ✅✅-Preoccupation/anticipation -->
binge/intoxication --> withdrawal/negative affect
Psychodynamic View of Addiction - Answer: ✅✅
Exam with Verified Answers.
, -Disordered emotions and disordered self-care may lead to addiction.
-Because those people cannot cope with their extreme emotions.
-Self-medication is drug-specific.
Social Psychological and Self-Regulation Views of Addiction - Answer: ✅✅
-Addiction caused by failures in self-regulation
-Initial lapse in self-regulation leads to spiraling distress that sets the stage
for repeated failures to self-regulate.
-Frontal lobe dysfunction is a risk-factor for addiction.
Vulnerability to Addiction - Answer: ✅✅
-Psychological disorders can predispose a person to addiction.
-Adolescent exposure to drugs can increase change of addiction.
-Substance abuse estimated to be about 40% heritable.
-Certain populations protected against substance abuse.
Neuroadaptational Views of Addiction - Answer: ✅✅
-Behavioral and psychomotor sensitization.
-"Wanting" of the drug increases.
-No causal relationship between drug liking and drug wanting.
-Not correct theory because people who take drugs show tolerance, not
sensitization.
-However, sensitization of neural structures persists, which may result in
long-term relapse.
Counteradaptation and Opponent Processes - Answer: ✅✅
-Homeostatic changes in systems that mediate drug effects.
Exam with Verified Answers.
