Mega Review Exam 3 NURS 615/questions and
answers/2025
*Dosing for high dose colchicine - 1.2 mg followed by 0.6 mg every 4 to 6 hours; or 4.8
mg total.
*Dosing for low dose colchicine - 1.2 mg followed by 0.6 one hour later or 1.8 mg total
1st line for mild or moderate pain, inflammation - NSAIDS
A patient develops toxic goiter. What's the recommended treatment? - Methimazole
inhibits the enzyme thyroperoxidase, which normally acts in thyroid hormone synthesis by
oxidizing the anion iodide (I−) to iodine (I2), hypoiodous acid (HOI), enzyme linked hypoiodate
(EOI) facilitating iodine's addition to tyrosine residues on the hormone precursor thyroglobulin,
a necessary step in the synthesis of triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4).
It is used to treat hyperthyroidism in patients with toxic adenoma or toxic goiter in preparation
for more definitive therapy with radioiodine or surgery. So short answer, Methimazole.
A recent Cochrane review found that in small studies use of diuretics appear to have -
improved mortality in individuals with heart failure however the extent to which these
results can be extrapolated to a general population is unclear due to the small number of
participants in cited studies.
A woman who is pregnant and has hyperthyroidism is best managed by a specialty team who
will most likely treat her with:
a. Methimazole
b. Propylthiouracil (PTU)
,c. Radioactive iodine
d. Nothing, treatment is best delayed until after her pregnancy ends - B. Propylthiouracil
(PTU)
ACEs: Why cough as common side effect that causes need for med stoppage? - Due to
the buildup of bradykinin in the lungs - Shadow health module has great visual of this
Acteaminophen being cox 2 does not inhibit - production of pro clotting thromboxjnes.
Acute overdose of acetaminophen can cause what? - Potentially fatal liver damage.
Administration of exenatide is by subcutaneous injection:
a. 30 minutes prior to morning meal
b. 15 minutes after the evening meal
c. 60 minutes prior to the morning and evening meal
d. 60 minutes before each meal daily - C. 60 minutes prior to the morning and evening
meal
ADV effects of corticosteroids if given longer than 6 months? - The main thing you want
to worry about is osteoporosis, it can also worsen diabetic control and patients should report
any tarry black stools or abdominal pain. PEPTIC ULCER DISEASE.
ADV effects of procainamide - occur even more if the daily doses are increased
ADV of corticos after 6 months - osteoporosis, can also worsen diabetic control (raise
BGL)
,Adverse side effects of amlodipine include: common and dose-related - peripheral
edema, dizziness and palpitations, and flushing;
Adverse side effects of amlodipine include: common and not dose-related - include
fatigue, nausea, abdominal pain, and somnolence;
Adverse side effects of amlodipine rare - blood disorders, impotence, depression,
insomnia, tachycardia, gingival enlargement, hepatitis, and jaundice.
All diabetic patients with known cardiovascular disease should be treated with:
a. Beta blockers to prevent MIs
b. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and aspirin to reduce risk of cardiovascular events
c. Sulfonylureas to decrease cardiovascular mortality
d. Pioglitazone to decrease atherosclerotic plaque buildup - Angiotensin-converting
enzyme inhibitors and aspirin to reduce risk of cardiovascular events.
Allopurinol is used for what? - Gout
Alpha glucosidase inhibitors...acarbose** MOA - work by preventing the digestion of
carbohydrates.
Amiodarone (Class III anti-arrhythmias)-MOA - blocks Na & Ca channels. Considered 2nd
or 3rd line
Amiodarone adverse effect/ pt education - ulmonary fibrosis (xray needed every 6
months), hypo/hyperthyroidism (monitor thyroid levels), bluish skin color, eye problems (optic
neuropathy)
• Do NOT give during pregnancy
, • Do Not take w/ grapefruit juice
Amlodipine is a medication used to treat - high blood pressure and prevent chest pain; it
can also be used for heart failure.
Amlodipine MOA - It is a long-acting dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker. By
widening blood vessels, it lowers blood pressure. In angina, it increases blood flow to the heart
muscle to relieve pain due to angina.
An ACE inhibitor and what other class of drug may reduce proteinuria in patients with diabetes
better than either drug alone?
a. Beta blockers
b. Diuretics
c. Non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers
d. Angiotensin II receptor blockers - C. Non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors treat hypertension because they:
a. Reduce sodium and water retention
b. Decrease vasoconstriction
c. Increase vasodilation
d. All of the above - All of the above. The renin-angiotensin system is systemically and
locally driven. The systemic process is triggered by the kidneys' response to decreased effective
blood volume and begins with the secretion of insulin from the renal cortex. Once released,
renin cleaves angiotensinogen to form angiotensin-I. This product in turn is catalyzed by
angiotensin converting enzyme or ACE, formed primarily in the pulmonary vasculature and
angiotensin-II. This potent vasoconstrictor effects tissues and systems throughout the body,
research shows that these vasoconstrictor effects are attenuated by ACE inhibition. Be sure to
understand the RAAS system!
answers/2025
*Dosing for high dose colchicine - 1.2 mg followed by 0.6 mg every 4 to 6 hours; or 4.8
mg total.
*Dosing for low dose colchicine - 1.2 mg followed by 0.6 one hour later or 1.8 mg total
1st line for mild or moderate pain, inflammation - NSAIDS
A patient develops toxic goiter. What's the recommended treatment? - Methimazole
inhibits the enzyme thyroperoxidase, which normally acts in thyroid hormone synthesis by
oxidizing the anion iodide (I−) to iodine (I2), hypoiodous acid (HOI), enzyme linked hypoiodate
(EOI) facilitating iodine's addition to tyrosine residues on the hormone precursor thyroglobulin,
a necessary step in the synthesis of triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4).
It is used to treat hyperthyroidism in patients with toxic adenoma or toxic goiter in preparation
for more definitive therapy with radioiodine or surgery. So short answer, Methimazole.
A recent Cochrane review found that in small studies use of diuretics appear to have -
improved mortality in individuals with heart failure however the extent to which these
results can be extrapolated to a general population is unclear due to the small number of
participants in cited studies.
A woman who is pregnant and has hyperthyroidism is best managed by a specialty team who
will most likely treat her with:
a. Methimazole
b. Propylthiouracil (PTU)
,c. Radioactive iodine
d. Nothing, treatment is best delayed until after her pregnancy ends - B. Propylthiouracil
(PTU)
ACEs: Why cough as common side effect that causes need for med stoppage? - Due to
the buildup of bradykinin in the lungs - Shadow health module has great visual of this
Acteaminophen being cox 2 does not inhibit - production of pro clotting thromboxjnes.
Acute overdose of acetaminophen can cause what? - Potentially fatal liver damage.
Administration of exenatide is by subcutaneous injection:
a. 30 minutes prior to morning meal
b. 15 minutes after the evening meal
c. 60 minutes prior to the morning and evening meal
d. 60 minutes before each meal daily - C. 60 minutes prior to the morning and evening
meal
ADV effects of corticosteroids if given longer than 6 months? - The main thing you want
to worry about is osteoporosis, it can also worsen diabetic control and patients should report
any tarry black stools or abdominal pain. PEPTIC ULCER DISEASE.
ADV effects of procainamide - occur even more if the daily doses are increased
ADV of corticos after 6 months - osteoporosis, can also worsen diabetic control (raise
BGL)
,Adverse side effects of amlodipine include: common and dose-related - peripheral
edema, dizziness and palpitations, and flushing;
Adverse side effects of amlodipine include: common and not dose-related - include
fatigue, nausea, abdominal pain, and somnolence;
Adverse side effects of amlodipine rare - blood disorders, impotence, depression,
insomnia, tachycardia, gingival enlargement, hepatitis, and jaundice.
All diabetic patients with known cardiovascular disease should be treated with:
a. Beta blockers to prevent MIs
b. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and aspirin to reduce risk of cardiovascular events
c. Sulfonylureas to decrease cardiovascular mortality
d. Pioglitazone to decrease atherosclerotic plaque buildup - Angiotensin-converting
enzyme inhibitors and aspirin to reduce risk of cardiovascular events.
Allopurinol is used for what? - Gout
Alpha glucosidase inhibitors...acarbose** MOA - work by preventing the digestion of
carbohydrates.
Amiodarone (Class III anti-arrhythmias)-MOA - blocks Na & Ca channels. Considered 2nd
or 3rd line
Amiodarone adverse effect/ pt education - ulmonary fibrosis (xray needed every 6
months), hypo/hyperthyroidism (monitor thyroid levels), bluish skin color, eye problems (optic
neuropathy)
• Do NOT give during pregnancy
, • Do Not take w/ grapefruit juice
Amlodipine is a medication used to treat - high blood pressure and prevent chest pain; it
can also be used for heart failure.
Amlodipine MOA - It is a long-acting dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker. By
widening blood vessels, it lowers blood pressure. In angina, it increases blood flow to the heart
muscle to relieve pain due to angina.
An ACE inhibitor and what other class of drug may reduce proteinuria in patients with diabetes
better than either drug alone?
a. Beta blockers
b. Diuretics
c. Non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers
d. Angiotensin II receptor blockers - C. Non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors treat hypertension because they:
a. Reduce sodium and water retention
b. Decrease vasoconstriction
c. Increase vasodilation
d. All of the above - All of the above. The renin-angiotensin system is systemically and
locally driven. The systemic process is triggered by the kidneys' response to decreased effective
blood volume and begins with the secretion of insulin from the renal cortex. Once released,
renin cleaves angiotensinogen to form angiotensin-I. This product in turn is catalyzed by
angiotensin converting enzyme or ACE, formed primarily in the pulmonary vasculature and
angiotensin-II. This potent vasoconstrictor effects tissues and systems throughout the body,
research shows that these vasoconstrictor effects are attenuated by ACE inhibition. Be sure to
understand the RAAS system!
