NURS 611 / NURS611 Exam 3 (Latest ):
Advanced Pathophysiology | Questions and
Verified Answers | Graded A - Maryville
What 2 unique properties do RBC's have? - Correct Answer-✔✔1. Biconcave shape
2. Capacity to be reversibly deformed
What does the flattened, biconcave shape of an RBC provide? - Correct Answer-
✔✔A surface area/ volume ratio thats optimal for gas diffusion into and out fo the
cell
How does the RBCs reversible deformity allow for the erythrocyte? - Correct
Answer-✔✔To assume a more compact torpedo-like shape, squeeze through
microcirculation, and return to normal
What is hemoglobin synthesis very dependent on? - Correct Answer-
✔✔Nutritional intake
Name two of the most important nutrients for hemoglobin synthesis? - Correct
Answer-✔✔-Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine)
-Iron
What are the values of iron for male and females? - Correct Answer-✔✔Male: 16
Female: 14
What makes the iron cycle possible? - Correct Answer-✔✔Transferin
,What is transferrin? - Correct Answer-✔✔Plasma Carrier
Explain the process of the iron cycle: - Correct Answer-✔✔1. Tissue macrophages
(mostly in spleen) break down ingested erythrocytes
2. Break down ingested erythrocytes
3. Return iron to the bloodstream directly or after storing it
What are leukocytes and what two things do they do? - Correct Answer-✔✔-
WBCs
1.Defends the body against microorganisms that cause infection
2. Remove debris (dead/injured cells)
What do leukocytes primarily act in? Where are they transported? - Correct
Answer-✔✔The tissues but are transported in the circulation
How many leukocytes does the average adult have? - Correct Answer-✔✔5-10k
leukocytes/mm3 of blood
What is the most numerous and best understood of the granulocytes? - Correct
Answer-✔✔Neutrophils (PMN)
What are immature neutrophils called? - Correct Answer-✔✔bands or stabs
,What are mature neutrophils called? - Correct Answer-✔✔segmented neutrophils
b/c of the appearance of their nucleus
What happens when the demand for circulating mature neutrophils exceeds the
supply? - Correct Answer-✔✔Marrow begins to release immature neutrophils in
the blood
What are responsible for "shift-to-the-left" or leukemoid reaction? (2) - Correct
Answer-✔✔1. Premature release of immature white cells
2. Systemic signs of infection such as fever
What is anemia? - Correct Answer-✔✔1. A reduction in the total number of
erythrocytes in the circulating blood
2. A decrease in the quality or quantity of hemoglobin
What 4 things usually cause anemia? - Correct Answer-✔✔1. Impaired
erythrocyte production
2. Blood loss (acute or chronic)
3. Increased erythrocyte destruction
4. Combo of all these
What 2 things happen in megaloblastic anemia? - Correct Answer-✔✔1. Cells are
challenged to make DNA
2. RNA production proceeds normally
, What are characteristics of megaloblastic anemia(3)? - Correct Answer-✔✔1. Cells
have slow-maturing nuclei
2. Normal maturing cytoplasm
3. Megaloblastic erythroid precursors that grow large before the larger nuclei
becomes mature enough to signal division
What does megaloblastic anemia cause? - Correct Answer-✔✔The cell to be larger
than normal
What is an example of megaloblastic anemia? - Correct Answer-✔✔Pernicious
anemia (Vit B12 deficiency anemia)
What is the principal disorder of Pernicious anemia? - Correct Answer-
✔✔Absence of Intrinsic factor
Where is IF secreted and how is vit B12 involved? - Correct Answer-✔✔1. Gastric
parietal cells
2. Complexes with dietary vitamin B12 in the small intestine
What can pernicious anemia lead to? - Correct Answer-✔✔Wide spectrum of
hematologic and neuropsychiatric disorders that can be reversed by early
diagnosis and prompt treatment
What 2 characteristics are more likely to cause PA than the actual prevalence of vit
B12 deficiency? - Correct Answer-✔✔1. Use of gastric acid-blocking agents
Advanced Pathophysiology | Questions and
Verified Answers | Graded A - Maryville
What 2 unique properties do RBC's have? - Correct Answer-✔✔1. Biconcave shape
2. Capacity to be reversibly deformed
What does the flattened, biconcave shape of an RBC provide? - Correct Answer-
✔✔A surface area/ volume ratio thats optimal for gas diffusion into and out fo the
cell
How does the RBCs reversible deformity allow for the erythrocyte? - Correct
Answer-✔✔To assume a more compact torpedo-like shape, squeeze through
microcirculation, and return to normal
What is hemoglobin synthesis very dependent on? - Correct Answer-
✔✔Nutritional intake
Name two of the most important nutrients for hemoglobin synthesis? - Correct
Answer-✔✔-Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine)
-Iron
What are the values of iron for male and females? - Correct Answer-✔✔Male: 16
Female: 14
What makes the iron cycle possible? - Correct Answer-✔✔Transferin
,What is transferrin? - Correct Answer-✔✔Plasma Carrier
Explain the process of the iron cycle: - Correct Answer-✔✔1. Tissue macrophages
(mostly in spleen) break down ingested erythrocytes
2. Break down ingested erythrocytes
3. Return iron to the bloodstream directly or after storing it
What are leukocytes and what two things do they do? - Correct Answer-✔✔-
WBCs
1.Defends the body against microorganisms that cause infection
2. Remove debris (dead/injured cells)
What do leukocytes primarily act in? Where are they transported? - Correct
Answer-✔✔The tissues but are transported in the circulation
How many leukocytes does the average adult have? - Correct Answer-✔✔5-10k
leukocytes/mm3 of blood
What is the most numerous and best understood of the granulocytes? - Correct
Answer-✔✔Neutrophils (PMN)
What are immature neutrophils called? - Correct Answer-✔✔bands or stabs
,What are mature neutrophils called? - Correct Answer-✔✔segmented neutrophils
b/c of the appearance of their nucleus
What happens when the demand for circulating mature neutrophils exceeds the
supply? - Correct Answer-✔✔Marrow begins to release immature neutrophils in
the blood
What are responsible for "shift-to-the-left" or leukemoid reaction? (2) - Correct
Answer-✔✔1. Premature release of immature white cells
2. Systemic signs of infection such as fever
What is anemia? - Correct Answer-✔✔1. A reduction in the total number of
erythrocytes in the circulating blood
2. A decrease in the quality or quantity of hemoglobin
What 4 things usually cause anemia? - Correct Answer-✔✔1. Impaired
erythrocyte production
2. Blood loss (acute or chronic)
3. Increased erythrocyte destruction
4. Combo of all these
What 2 things happen in megaloblastic anemia? - Correct Answer-✔✔1. Cells are
challenged to make DNA
2. RNA production proceeds normally
, What are characteristics of megaloblastic anemia(3)? - Correct Answer-✔✔1. Cells
have slow-maturing nuclei
2. Normal maturing cytoplasm
3. Megaloblastic erythroid precursors that grow large before the larger nuclei
becomes mature enough to signal division
What does megaloblastic anemia cause? - Correct Answer-✔✔The cell to be larger
than normal
What is an example of megaloblastic anemia? - Correct Answer-✔✔Pernicious
anemia (Vit B12 deficiency anemia)
What is the principal disorder of Pernicious anemia? - Correct Answer-
✔✔Absence of Intrinsic factor
Where is IF secreted and how is vit B12 involved? - Correct Answer-✔✔1. Gastric
parietal cells
2. Complexes with dietary vitamin B12 in the small intestine
What can pernicious anemia lead to? - Correct Answer-✔✔Wide spectrum of
hematologic and neuropsychiatric disorders that can be reversed by early
diagnosis and prompt treatment
What 2 characteristics are more likely to cause PA than the actual prevalence of vit
B12 deficiency? - Correct Answer-✔✔1. Use of gastric acid-blocking agents
