1
Comprehensive Exam Bank on Geriatric Nursing
and Aging Care: Chronic Disease Management,
Functional Independence, and Compassionate
Support
Table of Contents
Topic 1: Physiological Changes of Aging and Comprehensive Geriatric
Assessment......................................................................................................3
Topic 2: Chronic Disease Management in the Elderly....................................10
Topic 3: Medication Safety and Polypharmacy in Geriatric Nursing...............19
Topic 4: Functional Independence, ADLs/IADLs, and Mobility Support in
Geriatric Care.................................................................................................27
Topic 5: Cognitive Health, Delirium, Dementia, and Depression in Geriatric
Nursing..........................................................................................................35
Topic 6: Geriatric Nutrition, Hydration, and Malnutrition Prevention..............43
Topic 7: Geriatric Pharmacology, Polypharmacy, and Medication Safety.......50
Topic 8: Geriatric Cognitive Health, Delirium, Dementia, and Depression.....59
Topic 9: Geriatric End-of-Life Care, Palliative Support, and Advance Directives
.......................................................................................................................67
Topic 10: Functional Recovery, Rehabilitation, and Adaptive Support in
Geriatric Nursing............................................................................................75
Topic 11: Care Transitions, Long-Term Care Planning, and Continuity of
Geriatric Support............................................................................................83
Topic 12: Mental Health, Cognitive Decline, and Behavioral Management in
Older Adults...................................................................................................91
Topic 13: Medication Management and Polypharmacy in Geriatric Patients. .99
Topic 14: Nutrition, Hydration, and Malnutrition in the Elderly....................107
Topic 15: Geriatric Pain Management and Palliative Care Approaches.........114
Topic 16: Emergency and Acute Care in Geriatrics......................................122
, 2
Topic 17: Medication Safety, Polypharmacy, and Pharmacological Challenges
in Geriatrics.................................................................................................130
, 3
Topic 1: Physiological Changes of Aging
and Comprehensive Geriatric
Assessment
(Questions 1–20)
1. Which of the following is a common age-related change in the
cardiovascular system of older adults?
A. Increased elasticity of blood vessels
B. Decreased systolic blood pressure
C. Increased peripheral vascular resistance
D. Enhanced cardiac output during exertion
Correct Answer: C. Increased peripheral vascular resistance
Rationale: With aging, blood vessels lose elasticity, contributing to increased
peripheral vascular resistance, which may elevate systolic blood pressure
and increase cardiac workload.
2. What is the primary goal of a Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA)?
A. Diagnose acute illnesses
B. Monitor medication side effects
C. Evaluate functional ability, mental health, and social circumstances
D. Assess pain management
Correct Answer: C. Evaluate functional ability, mental health, and social
circumstances
Rationale: CGA is a multidimensional, interdisciplinary diagnostic process to
determine an older adult’s medical, psychological, and functional capabilities
to develop a coordinated plan for treatment and long-term follow-up.
, 4
3. Which laboratory finding is commonly altered in healthy older adults due
to normal aging?
A. Elevated white blood cell count
B. Decreased creatinine clearance
C. Increased liver enzymes
D. Elevated hemoglobin levels
Correct Answer: B. Decreased creatinine clearance
Rationale: Renal function declines with age, resulting in a decreased
glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and creatinine clearance even if serum
creatinine levels remain within normal range.
4. What is the best nursing intervention to prevent skin breakdown in
bedridden older adults?
A. Applying moisturizers daily
B. Using only cotton sheets
C. Repositioning the patient every two hours
D. Increasing protein intake only
Correct Answer: C. Repositioning the patient every two hours
Rationale: Regular repositioning helps relieve pressure and prevents pressure
ulcer formation, which is crucial in immobile older adults.
5. Which sensory change is most likely to affect safety in the older adult?
A. Decreased visual acuity
B. Increased auditory sensitivity
C. Improved taste sensation
Comprehensive Exam Bank on Geriatric Nursing
and Aging Care: Chronic Disease Management,
Functional Independence, and Compassionate
Support
Table of Contents
Topic 1: Physiological Changes of Aging and Comprehensive Geriatric
Assessment......................................................................................................3
Topic 2: Chronic Disease Management in the Elderly....................................10
Topic 3: Medication Safety and Polypharmacy in Geriatric Nursing...............19
Topic 4: Functional Independence, ADLs/IADLs, and Mobility Support in
Geriatric Care.................................................................................................27
Topic 5: Cognitive Health, Delirium, Dementia, and Depression in Geriatric
Nursing..........................................................................................................35
Topic 6: Geriatric Nutrition, Hydration, and Malnutrition Prevention..............43
Topic 7: Geriatric Pharmacology, Polypharmacy, and Medication Safety.......50
Topic 8: Geriatric Cognitive Health, Delirium, Dementia, and Depression.....59
Topic 9: Geriatric End-of-Life Care, Palliative Support, and Advance Directives
.......................................................................................................................67
Topic 10: Functional Recovery, Rehabilitation, and Adaptive Support in
Geriatric Nursing............................................................................................75
Topic 11: Care Transitions, Long-Term Care Planning, and Continuity of
Geriatric Support............................................................................................83
Topic 12: Mental Health, Cognitive Decline, and Behavioral Management in
Older Adults...................................................................................................91
Topic 13: Medication Management and Polypharmacy in Geriatric Patients. .99
Topic 14: Nutrition, Hydration, and Malnutrition in the Elderly....................107
Topic 15: Geriatric Pain Management and Palliative Care Approaches.........114
Topic 16: Emergency and Acute Care in Geriatrics......................................122
, 2
Topic 17: Medication Safety, Polypharmacy, and Pharmacological Challenges
in Geriatrics.................................................................................................130
, 3
Topic 1: Physiological Changes of Aging
and Comprehensive Geriatric
Assessment
(Questions 1–20)
1. Which of the following is a common age-related change in the
cardiovascular system of older adults?
A. Increased elasticity of blood vessels
B. Decreased systolic blood pressure
C. Increased peripheral vascular resistance
D. Enhanced cardiac output during exertion
Correct Answer: C. Increased peripheral vascular resistance
Rationale: With aging, blood vessels lose elasticity, contributing to increased
peripheral vascular resistance, which may elevate systolic blood pressure
and increase cardiac workload.
2. What is the primary goal of a Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA)?
A. Diagnose acute illnesses
B. Monitor medication side effects
C. Evaluate functional ability, mental health, and social circumstances
D. Assess pain management
Correct Answer: C. Evaluate functional ability, mental health, and social
circumstances
Rationale: CGA is a multidimensional, interdisciplinary diagnostic process to
determine an older adult’s medical, psychological, and functional capabilities
to develop a coordinated plan for treatment and long-term follow-up.
, 4
3. Which laboratory finding is commonly altered in healthy older adults due
to normal aging?
A. Elevated white blood cell count
B. Decreased creatinine clearance
C. Increased liver enzymes
D. Elevated hemoglobin levels
Correct Answer: B. Decreased creatinine clearance
Rationale: Renal function declines with age, resulting in a decreased
glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and creatinine clearance even if serum
creatinine levels remain within normal range.
4. What is the best nursing intervention to prevent skin breakdown in
bedridden older adults?
A. Applying moisturizers daily
B. Using only cotton sheets
C. Repositioning the patient every two hours
D. Increasing protein intake only
Correct Answer: C. Repositioning the patient every two hours
Rationale: Regular repositioning helps relieve pressure and prevents pressure
ulcer formation, which is crucial in immobile older adults.
5. Which sensory change is most likely to affect safety in the older adult?
A. Decreased visual acuity
B. Increased auditory sensitivity
C. Improved taste sensation
