COMM 325 || with Errorless Answers.
How and why did the study of argument begin in ancient Greece? correct answers It started to
help settle disputes that replace physical fighting with verbal combat.
Your book discusses Aristotle's 4 seminal concepts of argument. What are they? correct answers
The purpose of argument is to pursue probable truth. The focus of argument is on the audience.
One can develop arguments by identifying issues that can usefully be addressed in support of or
opposition of a claim. Argument has ethos, pathos, logos.
What is "debate" and who is its "father"? correct answers Debate is a process in which opposing
parties take turns presenting, refuting and defending arguments. Protagoras.
According to Dues, what is "effective argument?" correct answers Effective argument achieves
pursuit of agreement and pursuit of truth.
Where and why is effective argument important? correct answers Seeks probability of truth,
persuasive purpose, guides us to wise actions. (?At a significant level of .05 or better is where an
argument is effective so that there is a 95% chance of certainty?)
According to Aristotle, what is the purpose of argument? correct answers The purpose of
argument is to pursue what is most probably true when certainty is beyond our reach, test
probable truth and lead us to wise actions.
Briefly describe the adversary system. Include all the players. correct answers The adversary
system was created as an alternative to physical combat for resolving disputes. The advocates for
each side are not attempting to persuade one another, they are adversaries who oppose one
another, each attempting to persuade a designated third party who serves as judge. 2 advocates:
affirmative, negative and an impartial judge.
. Distinguish between "logic" and "logical" and explain the importance of this distinction. correct
answers Logic is universal and yields certainty, the reason behind why something is. Logical is a
, human reasoning process that we use to arrive at certain conclusions. If we can never apply strict
logic we can never be logical or "logic like" one leads to another. Logic is the truth and logical is
one person being able to put forth the truth
What does Aristotle mean by ethos, pathos, and logos and what do they have to do with
argument? correct answers Ethos is credibility, pathos is emotional responses from an audience,
logos is the appeal to reason. All three are necessary for a sound argument.
Define status quo. correct answers Status quo is the current condition. It is what something is as
of now.
Define "presumption", as the term is used in argument. correct answers Humans are rational
beings who should and do act rationally.
Define proposition (proposal, claim) as the terms are used in argument. correct answers The
request for change (from the status quo)
In argument, what do we mean by "burden of persuasion"? And who has this burden? correct
answers Burden of persuasion is the responsibility of claimant for change that is held by the
affirmative.
Define prima facie case. correct answers It is "at first look" and it is the case being made.
- Based on first impression, accepted as correct until proven otherwise
What is refutation? And, in a debate, what do we mean by "extension?" How are they different?
correct answers Refutation is essentially the rebuttal. It is the argument offered against the case.
The burden of rebuttal is the responsibility of opposition to proposal. Extension is the argument
aimed at rebutting the rebuttal. It reaffirms truth of original claim
What is an issue? correct answers Point of contention (disagreement), claim states overall issue
being raised, fact (conjecture), value, policy
How and why did the study of argument begin in ancient Greece? correct answers It started to
help settle disputes that replace physical fighting with verbal combat.
Your book discusses Aristotle's 4 seminal concepts of argument. What are they? correct answers
The purpose of argument is to pursue probable truth. The focus of argument is on the audience.
One can develop arguments by identifying issues that can usefully be addressed in support of or
opposition of a claim. Argument has ethos, pathos, logos.
What is "debate" and who is its "father"? correct answers Debate is a process in which opposing
parties take turns presenting, refuting and defending arguments. Protagoras.
According to Dues, what is "effective argument?" correct answers Effective argument achieves
pursuit of agreement and pursuit of truth.
Where and why is effective argument important? correct answers Seeks probability of truth,
persuasive purpose, guides us to wise actions. (?At a significant level of .05 or better is where an
argument is effective so that there is a 95% chance of certainty?)
According to Aristotle, what is the purpose of argument? correct answers The purpose of
argument is to pursue what is most probably true when certainty is beyond our reach, test
probable truth and lead us to wise actions.
Briefly describe the adversary system. Include all the players. correct answers The adversary
system was created as an alternative to physical combat for resolving disputes. The advocates for
each side are not attempting to persuade one another, they are adversaries who oppose one
another, each attempting to persuade a designated third party who serves as judge. 2 advocates:
affirmative, negative and an impartial judge.
. Distinguish between "logic" and "logical" and explain the importance of this distinction. correct
answers Logic is universal and yields certainty, the reason behind why something is. Logical is a
, human reasoning process that we use to arrive at certain conclusions. If we can never apply strict
logic we can never be logical or "logic like" one leads to another. Logic is the truth and logical is
one person being able to put forth the truth
What does Aristotle mean by ethos, pathos, and logos and what do they have to do with
argument? correct answers Ethos is credibility, pathos is emotional responses from an audience,
logos is the appeal to reason. All three are necessary for a sound argument.
Define status quo. correct answers Status quo is the current condition. It is what something is as
of now.
Define "presumption", as the term is used in argument. correct answers Humans are rational
beings who should and do act rationally.
Define proposition (proposal, claim) as the terms are used in argument. correct answers The
request for change (from the status quo)
In argument, what do we mean by "burden of persuasion"? And who has this burden? correct
answers Burden of persuasion is the responsibility of claimant for change that is held by the
affirmative.
Define prima facie case. correct answers It is "at first look" and it is the case being made.
- Based on first impression, accepted as correct until proven otherwise
What is refutation? And, in a debate, what do we mean by "extension?" How are they different?
correct answers Refutation is essentially the rebuttal. It is the argument offered against the case.
The burden of rebuttal is the responsibility of opposition to proposal. Extension is the argument
aimed at rebutting the rebuttal. It reaffirms truth of original claim
What is an issue? correct answers Point of contention (disagreement), claim states overall issue
being raised, fact (conjecture), value, policy
