HCM 2110 EXAM 8 QUESTIONS WITH 100% VERIFIED ANSWERS!! The medical model of healthcare does not generally emphasize ________. prevention __________ is making up for lost revenues with increase utilization or prices in other areas. Cost-shifting __________

HCM 2110 EXAM 8 QUESTIONS WITH 100% VERIFIED ANSWERS!! The medical model of healthcare does not generally emphasize ________. prevention __________ is making up for lost revenues with increase utilization or prices in other areas. Cost-shifting ______________ in medicine refers to the review of whether care is/was reasonable, necessary, and adequate. Peer review Access refers to the ability to obtain person health services that are ____, ____, ____, ____, and ____. needed, affordable, convenient, acceptable, and timely Quality can be defined as the degree to which services increase ______________. the likelihood of a desired health outcome Quality is supported and monitored in terms of _____, _____, and _____. structure, process, and outcome. When speaking of quality in healthcare, _____ refers to licensing, staffing, accreditation, etc. structure When speaking of quality in healthcare, _____ refers to diagnosis, treatment, communication, etc. process When speaking of quality in healthcare, _____ refers to patient satisfaction, health status, etc. outcome ________ describe the preferred process for managing a particular issue Clinical practice guidelines A service is ________ when the benefit received is greater than the cost incurred. cost efficient ________ includes proactive efforts to reduce exposure to lawsuits (including improving care). Risk management Public policy refers to ________, ________, ________, and ________. legislation, regulations, executive orders, and court rulings. ___________ has been allowed for use in collective bargaining by the Supreme Court. Health insurance The _________ system slows escalating costs by providing a general fee schedule. Medicare prospective payment Market failures in a capitalist society include, __________, __________, __________, and __________. monopolistic power, externalities, public goods, and imperfect consumer knowledge A _______ is the only seller of a given product (there is no competition). monopoly ____________ include roads, fishing grounds, and emergency services. Public goods A ____________ is when one person makes a decision that benefits another person. positive externality A ____________ is when one person makes a decision that harms another person. negative externality The ____________ is a publication that includes announcements of final policies, draft policies, and meetings to draft policy. Federal Register Professional bodies and corporations influence legislation through ___________. lobbying The main core of health care policy is to _____________. ensure equal access for underserved populations Medicare reform is recently been concerned with __________ and providing __________. decreasing spending and providing comprehensive coverage. ____________ are allocative tools that spread benefits throughout society. Distributive policies ____________ are allocative tools that obtain resources from one group and allocate them to another. Redistributive policies The policy cycle includes - __________ - __________ - __________ - __________ - __________ - Raising the issue - Designing the policy - Building of public support - Legislative decision-making - Policy implementation Health insurance __________ access but does not __________ it facilitates access but does not guarantee it President Biden's Healthcare Plan includes - __________ - __________ - __________ - __________ - Insuring 97% of Americans - Limiting the percent of income that goes to healthcare to 8.5% - Limiting the launch price of new drugs - Tie the price of medication to inflation ___________________ and ___________________ customize pharmaceuticals and other treatments to the individuals and can take into account gene variation. Personalized medicine and pharmacogenomics As the US population __________ healthcare will be demanded more. ages _____________________ is a process which should shorten the drug discovery process. Rational drug design Those who need care the most benefit from insurance mandates because _________________. their insurance prices will go down Emphasis on desired health outcomes is one implication of the Institute of Medicine's definition of quality. True When consumers of various kinds think about the cost of health care, they are usually thinking of the actual price they pay for services. True Practice variations refer to variations in treatment patterns across physician specialties that have no bearing on treatment outcomes. False According to Donabedian, in order to help define and measure quality in health care organizations, you must examine three domains. One of those domains is risk. False Managing delivery of care for chronic conditions through a system focused on disease treatment has been feasible and successful in recent years in the United States. False Accountable care organizations are: designed to help increase cooperation between providers across various health care settings to improve Medicare patient outcomes. The proportion of the gross domestic product (GDP) a country spends on the delivery of health care services is a: macro measure of health care cost The rate of growth in health spending in the United States slowed to its lowest level during what time period? The United States has the highest per capita health spending but poorer health, relative to other developed countries. True Administrative costs in a multipayer system are higher than those in a single-payer system. True Defensive medicine is a cost-reducing strategy. False Which of the following is not a major reason for the high cost of health care in the United States? Increase of population Cost-efficiency is when the benefit received is greater than the cost incurred in providing the service. True Which of the following best describes access to care? It is often predicted by income and occupation. Health insurance __________ access but does not __________ it. facilitates, guarantee President Biden's Healthcare Plan includes - __________- __________- __________- __________ - Insuring 97% of Americans - Limiting the percent of income that goes to healthcare to 8.5% - Limiting the launch price of new drugs - Tie the price of medication to inflation ____________ consists of diagnostic and therapeutic services and treatment for the "walking" patient. (still includes the ED) Ambulatory care consists of diagnostic and therapeutic services and treatment for the "walking" patient. (still includes the ED) ___________ services refer to services that do not require an overnight stay. Outpatient services refer to services that do not require an overnight stay. ______________ clinics cover a range of services including urgent care. Walk-in clinics cover a range of services including urgent care. ____________ clinics are available in big box store (such as Walmart) Retail clinics are available in big box store (such as Walmart) _______________________ are freestanding outpatient surgery centers that operate independently from the hospital. Surgicenters are freestanding outpatient surgery centers that operate independently from the hospital. ___________ care refers to pain and symptom management over the long term. Palliative care refers to pain and symptom management over the long term. __________ care refers to pain and symptom management during the end of life. Hospice care refers to pain and symptom management during the end of life. Out-patient long term care services include _____________ and ____________. Out-patient long term care services include case management and adult day care. Most long term care facilities are considered _____________ facilities. Most long term care facilities are considered in-patient facilities. _____________ are supported by grant funding administered by the Bureau of Primary Health Care (in DHHS). Community Health Centers are supported by grant funding administered by the Bureau of Primary Health Care (in DHHS). Services at ____________ are generally given by volunteer staff. Services at free clinics are generally given by volunteer staff. ______________ medicine is meant to be used with traditional medicine. Complementary medicine is meant to be used with traditional medicine. ________________ medicine is meant to be used in place of traditional medicine. Alternative medicine is meant to be used in place of traditional medicine. __________________ care includes hospitalization, surgeries, and consultations. Secondary care includes hospitalization, surgeries, and consultations. ________________ care is required for relatively uncommon and often severe conditions. These services are offered in larger medical centers Tertiary care is required for relatively uncommon and often severe conditions. These services are offered in larger medical centers A primary care provider where a person is likely to receive the first care for a given condition is called the ____________ . A primary care provider where a person is likely to receive the first care for a given condition is called the point of entry. ____________ care refers to the work of different disciplines and organizations to assist a patient. ... Integrated care refers to the work of different disciplines and organizations to assist a patient. This work is often coordinated by the primary care provider. According to the WHO, primary care includes According to the WHO, primary care includes- Point of entry- Community based- Coordination of care- Essential care- Integrated care- Accountability Community-oriented primary care includes the 6 aspects of the WHO definition of primary and a __________________. Community-oriented primary care includes the 6 aspects of the WHO definition of primary and a population-based approach. ____________ refers to the effects of disease on the living. ________ refers to death. Morbidity refers to the effects of disease on the living. Mortality refers to death. A ________________________________ is a primary care provider that has been recognized by the National Committee for Quality Assurance's evaluation program. A Patient Centered Medical Home (PCMH) is a primary care provider that has been recognized by the National Committee for Quality Assurance's evaluation program. A __________ is a mental disorder associated with memory and learning issues, ability to concentrate and making decisions. A cognitive impairment is a mental disorder associated with memory and learning issues, ability to concentrate and making decisions. The __________________ scale is used to assess a person's ability to perform common tasks. The activities of daily living (ADLs) scale is used to assess a person's ability to perform common tasks. Activities of Daily Living include Activities of Daily Living include- Eating- Bathing- Dressing- Using a toilet- Bowel and bladder control- Transferring (e.g. from bed to a chair)- sometimes grooming and walking 8 feet _________________ refers to the total living experience that results in overall satisfaction with one's life. Quality of life refers to the total living experience that results in overall satisfaction with one's life. Quality of life includes Quality of life includes- Lifestyle pursuits- Living environment- Clinical palliation- Human factors- Personal choices ____________________ is a daytime, community-based, group program to care for those with functional or cognitive impairments and provide respite to care givers. Adult day care is a daytime, community-based, group program to care for those with functional or cognitive impairments and provide respite to care givers. ____________ is providing room, board, oversight, and personal care to non-related adults. Adult foster care is providing room, board, oversight, and personal care to non-related adults. ______________ are community centers where older adults congregate and socialize. Senior centers are community centers where older adults congregate and socialize. In LTC, _________________ is linking and coordinating services of the elderly. In LTC, case management is linking and coordinating services of the elderly. _________________________ have independent living, assisted living, and nursing home services under one organization. Continuing care retirement communities (CCRCs) have independent living, assisted living, and nursing home services under one organization. CCRCs are generally well funded by __________________. CCRCs are generally well funded by the residents (buy in prices and monthly fees). _______________________ provide help with ADLs, 24-hour supervision, and often social and recreational activities. Assisted living facilities provide help with ADLs, 24-hour supervision, and often social and recreational activities. ________________________ provide medical care in addition to all the services offered at assisted living facilities. Skilled Nursing Facilities (SNFs, pronounced sniffs) provide medical care in addition to all the services offered at assisted living facilities. Nursing homes are licensed by ____________. Nursing homes are licensed by the state. A portion or all of a nursing home's beds may be ________________. A nursing home can only be reimbursed for patients on public assistance up to that number of patients. A portion or all of a nursing home's beds may be certified beds. A nursing home can only be reimbursed for patients on public assistance up to that number of patients. _______________ rehabilitation works toward restoring functionality. Restorative rehabilitation works toward restoring functionality. _______________ rehabilitation works to preserve functionality. Maintenance rehabilitation works to preserve functionality. __________________ rehabilitation helps a person to be functional with physical deficits. Adaptive rehabilitation helps a person to be functional with physical deficits. Healthcare is typically evaluated in terms of ____, ____, and ____. Healthcare is typically evaluated in terms of cost, quality, and access. Cost at the ______ level is healthcare cost as what they spend for healthcare and insurance. Cost at the consumer level is healthcare cost as what they spend for healthcare and insurance. Cost at the ______ level is healthcare expenditures which includes all money put into care delivery, equipment, pharmaceuticals, public health, and medical research. Cost at the national level is healthcare expenditures which includes all money put into care delivery, equipment, pharmaceuticals, public health, and medical research. Cost at the _____ level is the cost of facilities, staffing, and operations Cost at the provider level is the cost of facilities, staffing, and operations ___________ is the over use of diagnostic tests to cover providers in case of law suit. Defensive medicine is the over use of diagnostic tests to cover providers in case of law suit. The medical model of healthcare does not generally emphasize ________. The medical model of healthcare does not generally emphasize prevention. __________ is making up for lost revenues with increase utilization or prices in other areas. Cost-shifting is making up for lost revenues with increase utilization or prices in other areas. ______________ in medicine refers to the review of whether care is/was reasonable, necessary, and adequate. Peer review in medicine refers to the review of whether care is/was reasonable, necessary, and adequate. Access refers to the ability to obtain person health services that are ____, ____, ____, ____, and ____. Access refers to the ability to obtain person health services that are needed, affordable, convenient, acceptable, and timely. Quality can be defined as the degree to which services increase ______________. Quality can be defined as the degree to which services increase the likelihood of a desired health outcome. Quality is supported and monitored in terms of _____, _____, and _____. Quality is supported and monitored in terms of structure, process, and outcome. When speaking of quality in healthcare, _____ refers to licensing, staffing, accreditation, etc. When speaking of quality in healthcare, structure refers to licensing, staffing, accreditation, etc. When speaking of quality in healthcare, _____ refers to diagnosis, treatment, communication, etc. When speaking of quality in healthcare, process refers to diagnosis, treatment, communication, etc. When speaking of quality in healthcare, _____ refers to patient satisfaction, health status, etc. When speaking of quality in healthcare, outcome refers to patient satisfaction, health status, etc. ________ describe the preferred process for managing a particular issue. Clinical practice guidelines describe the preferred process for managing a particular issue. A service is ________ when the benefit received is greater than the cost incurred. A service is cost efficient when the benefit received is greater than the cost incurred. _________ includes proactive efforts to reduce exposure to lawsuits (including improving care). Risk management includes proactive efforts to reduce exposure to lawsuits (including improving care). Public policy refers to ________, ________, ________, and ________. Public policy refers to legislation, regulations, executive orders, and court rulings. ___________ has been allowed for use in collective bargaining by the Supreme Court. Health insurance has been allowed for use in collective bargaining by the Supreme Court. The _________ system slows escalating costs by providing a general fee schedule. The Medicare prospective payment system slows escalating costs by providing a general fee schedule. Market failures in a capitalist society include, __________, __________, __________, and __________. Market failures in a capitalist society include, monopolistic power, externalities, public goods, and imperfect consumer knowledge. A _______ is the only seller of a given product (there is no competition). A monopoly is the only seller of a given product (there is no competition). ____________ include roads, fishing grounds, and emergency services. Public goods include roads, fishing grounds, and emergency services. A ____________ is when one person makes a decision that benefits another person. A positive externality is when one person makes a decision that benefits another person. A ____________ is when one person makes a decision that harms another person. A negative externality is when one person makes a decision that harms another person. The ____________ is a publication that includes announcements of final policies, draft policies, and meetings to draft policy. The Federal Register is a publication that includes announcements of final policies, draft policies, and meetings to draft policy. Professional bodies and corporations influence legislation through ___________. Professional bodies and corporations influence legislation through lobbying. The main core of health care policy is to _____________. The main core of health care policy is to ensure equal access for underserved populations. Medicare reform is recently been concerned with __________ and providing __________. Medicare reform is recently been concerned with decreasing spending and providing comprehensive coverage. ____________ are allocative tools that spread benefits throughout society. Distributive policies are allocative tools that spread benefits throughout society. ____________ are allocative tools that obtain resources from one group and allocate them to another. Redistributive policies are allocative tools that obtain resources from one group and allocate them to another. The policy cycle includes The policy cycle includes- Raising the issue- Designing the policy- Building of public support- Legislative decision-making- Policy implementation