Circumcision and Penile Cancer
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, Uncircumcised men have a greater risk
When diagnosed early its highly curable
Begins as small lump or ulcer
Palpable lymph nodes in inguinal region
Causes:
-Unknown
-Thought to be poor genital hygiene-smegma accumulation under foreskin
may produce chronic inflammation leading to carcinoma
-UV exposure-men treated for psoriasis with UV A radiation
-HPV, age, smoking, and immunodeficiency states
Mainstay treatment is surgery
Atrophic Vaginitis
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, Occurs in elderly
Atrophy of the vagina that occurs after menopause or removal of the
ovaries
Cause:
-Estrogen deficiency causes lack of regenerative growth of the vaginal
epithelium which make the tissue more susceptible to infection and
irritation
Changes lead to decrease in vaginal flora
-Vaginal secretions become less acidic
Symptoms:
-Itching
-Burning
-Painful intercourse
Pathophysiology of Leukemias
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Proliferative cancer of the blood and white cells
Leukemia is classified according to their predominant cell type
(Lymphocytic or Myelocytic) and whether the condition is acute of chronic
Too many white blood cells which don't let the body fight disease and
prevents the production of red blood cells and platelets this causes the
bleeding
Leukemia originates in bone marrow but infiltrates the spleen, lymph nodes,
CNS and other tissues
Importance of Prostate Exam
, Give this one a try later!
Early cancers of the prostate are asymptomatic
Screenings:
-Digital rectal exam
-PSA testing
-Transrectal ultrasonography (may detect cancers too small to detect from
physical exam but not the first-line detection because its expensive)
Men over 50 should have yearly PSA and digital rectal exams
Men at high risk:
-African American
-Caribbean
Hemoglobin
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"Grams per 100 mL of blood"
Measures the hemoglobin content of the blood
A red protein responsible for transporting oxygen to the tissues
Binds some carbon dioxide and carries it from the tissues to the lungs
Molecule is composed of:
-2 pairs of structurally different polypeptide chains
Appears reddish when oxygen is attached and bluish when deoxygenated
Bilirubin is an important indicator of rate of hemoglobin production
*Normal range:
Men = 13.5-17.5
Women = 12.0-15.5*
Give this one a try later!
, Uncircumcised men have a greater risk
When diagnosed early its highly curable
Begins as small lump or ulcer
Palpable lymph nodes in inguinal region
Causes:
-Unknown
-Thought to be poor genital hygiene-smegma accumulation under foreskin
may produce chronic inflammation leading to carcinoma
-UV exposure-men treated for psoriasis with UV A radiation
-HPV, age, smoking, and immunodeficiency states
Mainstay treatment is surgery
Atrophic Vaginitis
Give this one a try later!
, Occurs in elderly
Atrophy of the vagina that occurs after menopause or removal of the
ovaries
Cause:
-Estrogen deficiency causes lack of regenerative growth of the vaginal
epithelium which make the tissue more susceptible to infection and
irritation
Changes lead to decrease in vaginal flora
-Vaginal secretions become less acidic
Symptoms:
-Itching
-Burning
-Painful intercourse
Pathophysiology of Leukemias
Give this one a try later!
Proliferative cancer of the blood and white cells
Leukemia is classified according to their predominant cell type
(Lymphocytic or Myelocytic) and whether the condition is acute of chronic
Too many white blood cells which don't let the body fight disease and
prevents the production of red blood cells and platelets this causes the
bleeding
Leukemia originates in bone marrow but infiltrates the spleen, lymph nodes,
CNS and other tissues
Importance of Prostate Exam
, Give this one a try later!
Early cancers of the prostate are asymptomatic
Screenings:
-Digital rectal exam
-PSA testing
-Transrectal ultrasonography (may detect cancers too small to detect from
physical exam but not the first-line detection because its expensive)
Men over 50 should have yearly PSA and digital rectal exams
Men at high risk:
-African American
-Caribbean
Hemoglobin
Give this one a try later!
"Grams per 100 mL of blood"
Measures the hemoglobin content of the blood
A red protein responsible for transporting oxygen to the tissues
Binds some carbon dioxide and carries it from the tissues to the lungs
Molecule is composed of:
-2 pairs of structurally different polypeptide chains
Appears reddish when oxygen is attached and bluish when deoxygenated
Bilirubin is an important indicator of rate of hemoglobin production
*Normal range:
Men = 13.5-17.5
Women = 12.0-15.5*
