Genetics test #1 UPDATED ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers

Genetics test #1 UPDATED ACTUAL Exam
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Genetics - CORRECT ANSWER - study of individual genes and inheritance



genomics - CORRECT ANSWER - study of all genes in human genome, including
interactions with each other, the environment and the influence of other psychosocial and
cultural factors


genome - CORRECT ANSWER - all DNA chromosomal and mitochondrial coding and
non-coding regions


phenotype - CORRECT ANSWER - a persons expressed physical traits



genotype - CORRECT ANSWER - internally coded, inheritable information.



personalized medicine - CORRECT ANSWER - the practice of tailoring prevention and
disease management activities for individuals based on genomic characteristics.


human genome - CORRECT ANSWER - complete set of genes for our species



the human genome contains about _____# of genes - CORRECT ANSWER - 25,000



Genes, DNA and chromosomes are all different forms of the - CORRECT ANSWER -
same substance


DNA in mammals is... - CORRECT ANSWER - linear, double-stranded structure
composed of multiple units of four different nitrogenous bases each attached to a sugar molecule

,four bases - CORRECT ANSWER - purines-adenine or guanine
pyrimidines-thymine or cytosine


bases are nucleoproteins created from.. - CORRECT ANSWER - the proteins we eat



pyrimidines - CORRECT ANSWER - singe ring structured bases (thymine or cytosine)



purines - CORRECT ANSWER - double ring structured bases (adenine or guanine)



Adenine always pairs with - CORRECT ANSWER - Thymine



Guanine always pairs with - CORRECT ANSWER - Cytosine


complementary base pairs are (the two strands of DNA) are held together loosely by -
CORRECT ANSWER - weak hydrogen bonds. This weak bonding allows for easy strand
separation and DNA replication phase of cell division


the DNA code of a gene directly determines... - CORRECT ANSWER - The amino acid
sequence of a protein. The amino acid sequence of a protein defines the end-product which can
be for example, an enzyme or a hormone


transcription - CORRECT ANSWER - -is the process where the DNA sequence of a gene
is recognized and the DNA is used as a template to make a copy of messenger RNA (mRNA).
-mRNA allows the message to reach the ribosome while the gene itself remains in the nucleus to
be used as a template for more mRNA when appropriate.


translation - CORRECT ANSWER - -involves the mRNA localizing to the ribosome and
transfer RNA (tRNA), another type of RNA, recognizing codons.

, -Codons are three bases of mRNA that code for an amino acid. The tRNA docks with the codon
and brings along the appropriate amino acid. As translation progresses, the amino acids link
together to form an amino acid chain.


mitosis - CORRECT ANSWER - cell division in which there is a duplication of a parent
cell resulting in two new daughter cells that are identical to each other and to the parent cell
-the process of forming identical daughter cells
-prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase


Phases of cell division - CORRECT ANSWER - G1, S, G2, M



G1 - CORRECT ANSWER - Cell takes on nutrients, generates more energy, increases
membrane size and cytoplasm


S - CORRECT ANSWER - DNA replication



G2 - CORRECT ANSWER - Production of proteins important for cell division



M - CORRECT ANSWER - actual cell division with nuclear separation (nucleokinesis)
followed by cell separation (cytokinesis)


Stages of mitosis - CORRECT ANSWER - Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase,
resulting in two daughter cells


Prophase - CORRECT ANSWER - chromatin condenses into chromosomes. Nuclear
envelope disappears


Metaphase - CORRECT ANSWER - chromosomes alight at the equatorial plate



anaphase - CORRECT ANSWER - sister chromatids separate. Centromeres divide