FINAL EXAM WITH QUESTIONS AND
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Define Process of Elimination - ANSWER-In analyzing causation, successively
ruling out non-causal factors until one correct causal factor remains
Define Question of Fact - ANSWER-A question with one correct answer
Define Question of Judgement - ANSWER-A question with competing and
debatable answers
Define Question of Preference - ANSWER-A question with many possible
subjective answers
Define Single Difference Method - ANSWER-In analyzing causation, looking
for a causal factor that is present in one situation but absent in another similar
situation
Define Socratic questioning - ANSWER-A systematic, disciplined approach to
asking questions aimed at assessing truth.
To _____ a writer's or speaker's reasoning, we must first _____ the information
and _____ our implicit assumptions and explicit reasons before arriving at an
_____. - ANSWER-Assess, Understand, Inference/Conclusion
,True or False. people really understand inert information. - ANSWER-False.
This statement is false because people don't really understand inert information,
even though they think they do.
True or False. Activated knowledge is based upon stereotypes. - ANSWER-
False. Activated knowledge is not based upon stereotypes, but truthful
information.
To take command of your thinking you must: - ANSWER-1. Become master of
your own conceptualizations
2. Not become trapped in one set of concepts
Reasoning requires information. As critical thinkers, we must: - ANSWER-1.
Seek trustworthy information sources
2. Be vigilant about information sources we use
3. Be alert to the use we make of our own experience, which could be biased,
distorted, or self-deluded
A key skill to master in critical thinking is that of distinguishing _____ from
_____ - ANSWER-Inferences, Assumptions
Define Inference - ANSWER-A logical process of drawing conclusions
Define Accuracy - ANSWER-Bing near to the true value or meaning of
something
Define Assumptions - ANSWER-Unstated or hidden beliefs that support our
explicit reasoning
Define Clarity - ANSWER-Being unambiguous and easily understood
, Define Concepts - ANSWER-General categories or ideas by which we interpret
or classify information used in our thinking
Define Implication - ANSWER-What logically follows from reasoning
Define Point of View - ANSWER-The particular perspective from which
something is observed or thought through
Define Precision - ANSWER-Being precise or exact
Define Purpose - ANSWER-The goal or objective of reasoning
What are the three kinds of implications which may be involved in any given
situation - ANSWER-Possible, Probable, Necessary
True or False. A well-known institution always is a guarantee of quality and
accuracy. - ANSWER-False. There are no permanent guarantees of quality and
accuracy in information, no matter how respected the institution.
What are some motives that may introduce bias into information. - ANSWER-
Ideology, Professional Jealousy, Personal Aggrandizement.
What is critical thinking - ANSWER-an intellectual model for understanding
issues and forming reasonable and informed views on them.
What does critical thinking embody - ANSWER-A set of reasoning skills that,
when properly applied, can help us determine what we should believe (i.e., what
warrants our belief) and how we should act.
We stand to _____ in all aspects of our lives when we think _____. -
ANSWER-Benefit, Critically