COMD 5070 exam 1 study guide UPDATED
Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
what is science?
4 features of the scientific method - CORRECT ANSWER - empirical-based on data
deterministic-obeys physical laws
predictive-if you do this..then that will happen
parsimonious-use the simplest explanation possible
SLP's use of technology-why do we use it clinically? - CORRECT ANSWER - 1.
overcome listener bias-consistent reliable measurement
2. describe severity objectively
3. track progress over time-demonstrate treatment efficacy
4. ASHA's focus on EBP
5. provide biofeedback to the client
SLP's use of technology-how can acoustics help? - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. need to
understand the data
2. examine qualitatively as well as quantitatively
3. the machine makes no judgments
pitch perception vs. frequency measurement - CORRECT ANSWER -
frequency - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. how frequently a waveform repeats
2. Hertz (Hz)=cycles per second
simplest sound - CORRECT ANSWER - pure tone
,complex tones - CORRECT ANSWER - fundamental frequency
low frequency 10ms 220 Hz vs high frequency 880 Hz - CORRECT ANSWER -
pitch perception - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. linked to frequency
2. order on a musical scale
3. subjective perception
4. cannot be measured with instruments
5. listener matches perceived pitch to that of a pure tone of known frequency
frequency difference limens (DL) - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. smallest detectable change
in frequency
2. DLs increase with stimulus frequency
3. higher frequency sounds must differ more to be heard as
different in pitch
4. true for comfortable listening level
5. as intensity decreases, DLs become larger
complex tones - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. pure tones rare in everyday life
2. complex tones have many frequencies
3. periodic sounds: a harmonic series
4. fundamental frequency (f0) often strongest
5. harmonics are integer multiples
6. human voice has f0 and harmonics
7. perceived pitch follows fundamental
8 auditory system responds to all frequencies
missing fundamental - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. listen to a harmonic series
, 2. actual fundamental can be absent
3. timbre or quality is different
4. pitch still perceived as the same
5. brain processes harmonic structure
6. fills in the gap by calculation/interpolation 7.cheap audio equipment - simulated bass
8. some listeners are harder to fool
pitch perception in music - CORRECT ANSWER - • A or B note sounds equivalent up or
down • octave: doubling/halving of frequency
• 400 Hz base
• 800 Hz an octave up
• 200 Hz an octave down
• some note pairs blend harmoniously • some note pairs are dissonant
• harmonic frequencies match or don't
semitones - CORRECT ANSWER - 12 semitones in one octave
• each semitone is a nonlinear step
• each step upward is bigger than the last
• about 5.9% higher frequency than the one before it • no two semitones are physically identical
(Hz) • but semitones sound equal in step size
intensity - CORRECT ANSWER - • amplitude or 'size' of a sound • lay term: volume level
• intensity measured in dB
• logarithmic scale
• intensity level (IL)
• sound pressure level (SPL)
• measured with a sound level meter
linear or logarithmic? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
what is science?
4 features of the scientific method - CORRECT ANSWER - empirical-based on data
deterministic-obeys physical laws
predictive-if you do this..then that will happen
parsimonious-use the simplest explanation possible
SLP's use of technology-why do we use it clinically? - CORRECT ANSWER - 1.
overcome listener bias-consistent reliable measurement
2. describe severity objectively
3. track progress over time-demonstrate treatment efficacy
4. ASHA's focus on EBP
5. provide biofeedback to the client
SLP's use of technology-how can acoustics help? - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. need to
understand the data
2. examine qualitatively as well as quantitatively
3. the machine makes no judgments
pitch perception vs. frequency measurement - CORRECT ANSWER -
frequency - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. how frequently a waveform repeats
2. Hertz (Hz)=cycles per second
simplest sound - CORRECT ANSWER - pure tone
,complex tones - CORRECT ANSWER - fundamental frequency
low frequency 10ms 220 Hz vs high frequency 880 Hz - CORRECT ANSWER -
pitch perception - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. linked to frequency
2. order on a musical scale
3. subjective perception
4. cannot be measured with instruments
5. listener matches perceived pitch to that of a pure tone of known frequency
frequency difference limens (DL) - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. smallest detectable change
in frequency
2. DLs increase with stimulus frequency
3. higher frequency sounds must differ more to be heard as
different in pitch
4. true for comfortable listening level
5. as intensity decreases, DLs become larger
complex tones - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. pure tones rare in everyday life
2. complex tones have many frequencies
3. periodic sounds: a harmonic series
4. fundamental frequency (f0) often strongest
5. harmonics are integer multiples
6. human voice has f0 and harmonics
7. perceived pitch follows fundamental
8 auditory system responds to all frequencies
missing fundamental - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. listen to a harmonic series
, 2. actual fundamental can be absent
3. timbre or quality is different
4. pitch still perceived as the same
5. brain processes harmonic structure
6. fills in the gap by calculation/interpolation 7.cheap audio equipment - simulated bass
8. some listeners are harder to fool
pitch perception in music - CORRECT ANSWER - • A or B note sounds equivalent up or
down • octave: doubling/halving of frequency
• 400 Hz base
• 800 Hz an octave up
• 200 Hz an octave down
• some note pairs blend harmoniously • some note pairs are dissonant
• harmonic frequencies match or don't
semitones - CORRECT ANSWER - 12 semitones in one octave
• each semitone is a nonlinear step
• each step upward is bigger than the last
• about 5.9% higher frequency than the one before it • no two semitones are physically identical
(Hz) • but semitones sound equal in step size
intensity - CORRECT ANSWER - • amplitude or 'size' of a sound • lay term: volume level
• intensity measured in dB
• logarithmic scale
• intensity level (IL)
• sound pressure level (SPL)
• measured with a sound level meter
linear or logarithmic? - CORRECT ANSWER -
