ASLP 3030 Exam 3 Review
Decibel Scale - ANS-o Expresses a range of different levels of sound energy
Intensity - ANS-o Amount of acoustic energy that strikes a given area (watts/m^2)
How many db IL is a measured intensity of 10^-10? - ANS-Intensity measured (Im) = 10^-10
Intensity reference (Ir) = 10^-12
dB IL = 10log (10^-10/10^-12)
10 log (10^-10(-12) OR 10 log (10^2)
10 (2) OR 20dB
How many dB SPL is a measured sound pressure of 25 uPa? - ANS-dB SPL = 20log(25/20)
20log (1.25)
20(0.09691)
dB SPL = 1.9
Root Mean Square RMS Amplitude - ANS-o Mean amplitude over a given time period
Psychoacoustics - ANS-Study of the perception of sound
Percept - ANS-o Mental representation of the real-world phenomenon
"What the ear drum captures vs. what we think we hear"
Bottom-Up Processing - ANS-o Refers to processing sensory information as it is coming in
Top-Down Processing - ANS-o Refers to processing sensory information as it is coming in
Threshold - ANS-o Used to identify a driving line between two "states"
Absolute Threshold - ANS-o Minimum stimulation needed to register a particular stimulus 50%
of the time
Threshold of Pain - ANS-o Threshold at which a stimulus is perceived as painful
Difference Threshold - ANS-o Amount by which one stimulus must be different from another
person to notice that the two stimuli are different
o Just noticeable difference (JND)
Limen - ANS-o A threshold below which a stimulus is not perceived or is not distinguished from
another
Weber's Law - ANS-o The JND between two stimuli is not an absolute amount
, Frequency Discrimination - ANS-o Pitch Perception
Intensity Discrimination - ANS-Loudness Perception
Temporal Discrimination - ANS-Timing Perception
Sensory Adaption - ANS-o Change over time in the responsiveness of the sensory system to a
constant stimulus
Auditory Perception - ANS-Ability of the brain to interpret sounds in a meaningful way
The Auditory System - ANS-Hearing has protective and communication functions
Human Range of Hearing - ANS-20-20,000Hz
Sharp Frequency Tuning - ANS-o Able to distinguish and process signals of varying degrees of
frequency and degrees of frequency and intensity P
Pinna - ANS-o Cartilage covered in skin, captures and funnels sound, localization
Resonant Frequency ~5000Hz
External Auditory Canal - ANS-o Directions sound form the environment to the tympanic
membrane
Lateral 1/3rd Cartilage
Medial 2/3rds bone
Cerumen - ANS-o Earwax, results of sebaceous glands, which produces an oily substance
called sebum
Sebum combines with shed skin and sweat to create wax
Purpose is for protection
Tympanic Membrane - ANS-o Ear drum, vibrates in response to sound pressure
Connects with malleus
3 Layers;
• Skin
• Fibrous Connective Tissue
• Mucous Layer
2 Surface Parts;
• Pars Tensa (largest portion, vibrates)
• Pars Flaccida (superior, no connective tissue
Ossicular Chain - ANS-o Malleus, Incus, Stapes (MIS)
Transmits vibrations and increases the amplitude of an incoming signal
Decibel Scale - ANS-o Expresses a range of different levels of sound energy
Intensity - ANS-o Amount of acoustic energy that strikes a given area (watts/m^2)
How many db IL is a measured intensity of 10^-10? - ANS-Intensity measured (Im) = 10^-10
Intensity reference (Ir) = 10^-12
dB IL = 10log (10^-10/10^-12)
10 log (10^-10(-12) OR 10 log (10^2)
10 (2) OR 20dB
How many dB SPL is a measured sound pressure of 25 uPa? - ANS-dB SPL = 20log(25/20)
20log (1.25)
20(0.09691)
dB SPL = 1.9
Root Mean Square RMS Amplitude - ANS-o Mean amplitude over a given time period
Psychoacoustics - ANS-Study of the perception of sound
Percept - ANS-o Mental representation of the real-world phenomenon
"What the ear drum captures vs. what we think we hear"
Bottom-Up Processing - ANS-o Refers to processing sensory information as it is coming in
Top-Down Processing - ANS-o Refers to processing sensory information as it is coming in
Threshold - ANS-o Used to identify a driving line between two "states"
Absolute Threshold - ANS-o Minimum stimulation needed to register a particular stimulus 50%
of the time
Threshold of Pain - ANS-o Threshold at which a stimulus is perceived as painful
Difference Threshold - ANS-o Amount by which one stimulus must be different from another
person to notice that the two stimuli are different
o Just noticeable difference (JND)
Limen - ANS-o A threshold below which a stimulus is not perceived or is not distinguished from
another
Weber's Law - ANS-o The JND between two stimuli is not an absolute amount
, Frequency Discrimination - ANS-o Pitch Perception
Intensity Discrimination - ANS-Loudness Perception
Temporal Discrimination - ANS-Timing Perception
Sensory Adaption - ANS-o Change over time in the responsiveness of the sensory system to a
constant stimulus
Auditory Perception - ANS-Ability of the brain to interpret sounds in a meaningful way
The Auditory System - ANS-Hearing has protective and communication functions
Human Range of Hearing - ANS-20-20,000Hz
Sharp Frequency Tuning - ANS-o Able to distinguish and process signals of varying degrees of
frequency and degrees of frequency and intensity P
Pinna - ANS-o Cartilage covered in skin, captures and funnels sound, localization
Resonant Frequency ~5000Hz
External Auditory Canal - ANS-o Directions sound form the environment to the tympanic
membrane
Lateral 1/3rd Cartilage
Medial 2/3rds bone
Cerumen - ANS-o Earwax, results of sebaceous glands, which produces an oily substance
called sebum
Sebum combines with shed skin and sweat to create wax
Purpose is for protection
Tympanic Membrane - ANS-o Ear drum, vibrates in response to sound pressure
Connects with malleus
3 Layers;
• Skin
• Fibrous Connective Tissue
• Mucous Layer
2 Surface Parts;
• Pars Tensa (largest portion, vibrates)
• Pars Flaccida (superior, no connective tissue
Ossicular Chain - ANS-o Malleus, Incus, Stapes (MIS)
Transmits vibrations and increases the amplitude of an incoming signal
