ASLP 3030 Final ACTUAL UPDATED
Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
what is a complex waveform? - CORRECT ANSWER - a waveform that contains multiple
frequencies (ex: our voice)
how do speakers increase their perceived loudness? - CORRECT ANSWER - - by
increasing subglottal pressure
- having larger articulators movements w/ higher oral pressure
- having larger vocal folds
- excursions & more forceful vocal fold collisions
what is the main thing that distinguishes a digital signal from an analog signal? - CORRECT
ANSWER - - digital signals are discrete snapshots over time
- analog are infinite graph: continues in time & continues amplitude, no gaps
what is sampling rate? - CORRECT ANSWER - # of samples, snapshots, taken per second
represents an amplitude
what is quantization? - CORRECT ANSWER - the assignment of a digital value to
describe the amplitude of a waveform
what is a spectrum & how is it different from a spectrogram? - CORRECT ANSWER --
spectrum: contains all frequencies presented in a waveform-- amplitude (vertical axis) vs
frequency (horizontal axis)
- spectrogram:
* x-axis goes from left to right showing time
* y-axis goes from low frequency @ bottom to high frequency @ top
*whether the trace is lighter or darker represents the intensity of signal or amount of amplitude
that is present w/ darker representing stronger.
, What is Fourier analysis? - CORRECT ANSWER - all periodic sounds are made of a
combo of sine waves varying in amplitude phases & frequencies
What is the Fourier Transform? - CORRECT ANSWER - creates a spectrum from time
domain waveform (analyze a cake to know its ingredients)
what does spectrum of a person's voice look like? - CORRECT ANSWER - it will contain
a peak of F0 equal spaced peak
what is jitter? - CORRECT ANSWER - random cycle-to-cycle duration differences
what is shimmer? - CORRECT ANSWER - random cycle-to-cycle amplitude differences
why is it challenging to see the movement of the vocal folds using standard video/filming
techniques? - CORRECT ANSWER - we CANNOT see them because VFS are too fast
100 p/s & we need to double frames per second 200 frames p/s
what is the technique involving strobe lights that you can use to see the movements in slow
motion? how does that work? - CORRECT ANSWER - stwoboscopey/ strobe lights is
simulated by having sequential images taken across several vibratory cycles that makes it look
slow motion putting them all together like a flip book
in what speech sounds is intra oral pressure higher than atmospheric pressure? in what speech
sounds is it roughly equal? - CORRECT ANSWER - *1st highest= stop consonants /p, t/
*2nd highest= fricatives is elevated intra oral pressure because you have to build up pressure for
sounds like /s, z/
*3rd highest= atmospheric pressure/ intra oral= vowel consonant
Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
what is a complex waveform? - CORRECT ANSWER - a waveform that contains multiple
frequencies (ex: our voice)
how do speakers increase their perceived loudness? - CORRECT ANSWER - - by
increasing subglottal pressure
- having larger articulators movements w/ higher oral pressure
- having larger vocal folds
- excursions & more forceful vocal fold collisions
what is the main thing that distinguishes a digital signal from an analog signal? - CORRECT
ANSWER - - digital signals are discrete snapshots over time
- analog are infinite graph: continues in time & continues amplitude, no gaps
what is sampling rate? - CORRECT ANSWER - # of samples, snapshots, taken per second
represents an amplitude
what is quantization? - CORRECT ANSWER - the assignment of a digital value to
describe the amplitude of a waveform
what is a spectrum & how is it different from a spectrogram? - CORRECT ANSWER --
spectrum: contains all frequencies presented in a waveform-- amplitude (vertical axis) vs
frequency (horizontal axis)
- spectrogram:
* x-axis goes from left to right showing time
* y-axis goes from low frequency @ bottom to high frequency @ top
*whether the trace is lighter or darker represents the intensity of signal or amount of amplitude
that is present w/ darker representing stronger.
, What is Fourier analysis? - CORRECT ANSWER - all periodic sounds are made of a
combo of sine waves varying in amplitude phases & frequencies
What is the Fourier Transform? - CORRECT ANSWER - creates a spectrum from time
domain waveform (analyze a cake to know its ingredients)
what does spectrum of a person's voice look like? - CORRECT ANSWER - it will contain
a peak of F0 equal spaced peak
what is jitter? - CORRECT ANSWER - random cycle-to-cycle duration differences
what is shimmer? - CORRECT ANSWER - random cycle-to-cycle amplitude differences
why is it challenging to see the movement of the vocal folds using standard video/filming
techniques? - CORRECT ANSWER - we CANNOT see them because VFS are too fast
100 p/s & we need to double frames per second 200 frames p/s
what is the technique involving strobe lights that you can use to see the movements in slow
motion? how does that work? - CORRECT ANSWER - stwoboscopey/ strobe lights is
simulated by having sequential images taken across several vibratory cycles that makes it look
slow motion putting them all together like a flip book
in what speech sounds is intra oral pressure higher than atmospheric pressure? in what speech
sounds is it roughly equal? - CORRECT ANSWER - *1st highest= stop consonants /p, t/
*2nd highest= fricatives is elevated intra oral pressure because you have to build up pressure for
sounds like /s, z/
*3rd highest= atmospheric pressure/ intra oral= vowel consonant
